HbsAg (Rapid Card test)
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The HBsAg Rapid Card Test is a qualitative immunochromatographic assay used to quickly detect the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in whole blood, serum, or plasma
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🧪 What is HBsAg (Rapid Card Test)?
The HBsAg Rapid Card Test is a qualitative immunochromatographic assay used to quickly detect the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in whole blood, serum, or plasma.
- HBsAg is the first detectable marker of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
- The rapid card method gives results typically within 15–20 minutes.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Screen for active Hepatitis B infection
- Identify carriers of the Hepatitis B virus
- Screen blood donors for HBV
- Evaluate liver function and viral infections in patients with jaundice, fatigue, or liver disease
- Screen pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission
📊 Normal / Reference Range
Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Negative / Not Detected | No HBsAg detected → likely no active Hepatitis B infection |
Positive / Detected | HBsAg present → indicates active Hepatitis B infection or carrier state |
⚠️ Positive results from a rapid card should be confirmed with ELISA or PCR for HBV DNA.
📈 Interpretation of Results
Result | Possible Meaning |
|---|---|
Negative | No active infection or past infection with cleared virus |
Positive | Active HBV infection (acute or chronic), or carrier state |
False Positives | Rare, but possible — confirm with ELISA or CMIA |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
Organ/System | Related Conditions |
|---|---|
Liver | - Acute Hepatitis B |
Immune System | May show immunosuppression or immune evasion in chronic carriers |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- HBsAg – ELISA (for confirmation)
- Anti-HBs – Indicates immunity or past infection
- Anti-HBc IgM/IgG – Determines acute vs chronic phase
- HBV DNA PCR – Measures viral load
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
- Ultrasound Liver / FibroScan – For chronic liver disease
- HBeAg / Anti-HBe – Assess infectivity
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
HBsAg (Rapid Card) | ❌ No fasting required — Can be done anytime |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Rapid test to detect Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood |
Why | Screen for active or chronic Hepatitis B infection or carrier state |
Result Interpretation | Positive = Active infection |
Follow-up Tests | ELISA, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc, HBV DNA PCR, LFT |
Associated Conditions | Hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, HCC |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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