HBV DNA Quantitative Viral Load
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Measure the amount of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in a patient’s blood.
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🧬 What is HBV DNA Quantitative Viral Load?
The HBV DNA Quantitative Viral Load test uses real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to measure the amount of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in a patient’s blood.
It is the most sensitive and specific test to evaluate the replication activity of the virus.
🔍 The result is expressed in IU/mL (International Units per milliliter) or copies/mL.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Assess viral replication activity in Hepatitis B infection
- Differentiate active vs inactive carriers
- Guide antiviral treatment decisions
- Monitor response to antiviral therapy
- Assess risk of progression to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
📊 Normal Range / Reference Values
Result (IU/mL) | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Undetectable / < 10–20 IU/mL | Target not detected / Viral suppression |
< 2,000 IU/mL | Low-level viremia (inactive carrier possible) |
2,000 – 20,000 IU/mL | Moderate viral load; needs clinical correlation |
> 20,000 IU/mL | Active viral replication – high risk of liver damage |
⚠️ Different thresholds may apply depending on HBeAg status and clinical context.
📈 Interpretation of Results
HBV DNA Level | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|
Undetectable | Good response to treatment / inactive carrier |
Low (< 2,000 IU/mL) | Usually inactive carrier; monitor |
Moderate (2,000–20,000 IU/mL) | May need treatment if ALT ↑ or fibrosis seen |
High (> 20,000 IU/mL) | Indicates active replication, liver injury risk, often needs antiviral therapy |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
System | Related Conditions |
|---|---|
Liver | - Chronic Hepatitis B |
Immune | Host response influences viral load and disease progression |
Transplantation | Monitored in HBV-positive organ donors/recipients |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- HBsAg, HBeAg, Anti-HBe
- Liver Function Tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin)
- FibroScan / Liver Biopsy – To assess fibrosis
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) – Screening for HCC
- Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc IgG/IgM
- HBV Genotyping – In research/complex cases
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
HBV DNA Quantitative (PCR) | ❌ No fasting required – Sample can be taken any time of day |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Quantitative PCR-based test to measure Hepatitis B viral load in blood |
Why | Assess infection activity, treatment need, monitor response |
Normal Range | Undetectable or < 20 IU/mL |
High Risk | > 20,000 IU/mL (indicates active replication) |
Follow-up Tests | HBsAg, HBeAg, LFTs, AFP, liver scan/biopsy |
Associated Conditions | Chronic Hepatitis B, cirrhosis, HCC |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
How our test process works!
