Hemoglobin
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Evaluates blood components for anemia or infection
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🩸 What is Hemoglobin (Hb)?
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
- Measuring hemoglobin helps assess the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
- It is a core part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC).
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Detect anemia or polycythemia
- Evaluate fatigue, weakness, breathlessness, dizziness
- Monitor chronic diseases (e.g., kidney disease, cancer)
- Assess blood loss (e.g., from menstruation, GI bleeding)
- Pre-operatively check for surgical fitness
📊 Normal Ranges
Population | Normal Range (g/dL) |
|---|---|
Men | 13.8 – 17.2 g/dL |
Women | 12.1 – 15.1 g/dL |
Children | 11 – 13 g/dL |
Pregnant Women | ≥ 11 g/dL (as per WHO guidelines) |
Ranges may slightly vary by lab and altitude.
📈 Interpretation of Results
Hemoglobin Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Low (<12 for women / <13.5 for men) | Anemia – May result from blood loss, iron/B12/folate deficiency, kidney disease, chronic illness |
Normal | Adequate oxygen-carrying capacity |
High (>17.5 men / >15.5 women) | Polycythemia – May be due to dehydration, smoking, lung disease, high altitude, or polycythemia vera |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
System | Related Conditions |
|---|---|
Blood | Anemia (iron-deficiency, B12, folate, hemolytic, aplastic), polycythemia |
Kidneys | Reduced Erythropoietin → anemia in CKD |
Lungs/Heart | Chronic hypoxia → compensatory high Hb |
Bone Marrow | Myelodysplasia, leukemia, bone marrow failure |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) – RBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, RDW
- Iron Studies – Serum iron, ferritin, TIBC
- Vitamin B12 and Folate
- Reticulocyte Count – Bone marrow activity
- Peripheral Blood Smear
- Renal Function Tests (Urea, Creatinine)
- Stool for occult blood – In suspected GI bleeding
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
Hemoglobin | ❌ No fasting required – Can be done anytime |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Measures hemoglobin concentration in blood (oxygen-carrying capacity) |
Why | Diagnose anemia, polycythemia, evaluate fatigue, monitor chronic disease |
Normal Range | Men: 13.8–17.2 g/dL; Women: 12.1–15.1 g/dL |
Low Values | Anemia – iron/B12 deficiency, chronic disease, blood loss |
High Values | Polycythemia – dehydration, high altitude, lung disease |
Follow-up Tests | CBC, iron profile, B12, folate, reticulocyte count |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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