Hemoglobinopathy Profile - HbF/HbS
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Evaluates blood components for anemia or infection
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🧪 What is the Hemoglobinopathy Profile – HbF / HbS?
The Hemoglobinopathy Profile is a blood test used to identify abnormal hemoglobin variants, such as HbS (Sickle hemoglobin) and HbF (Fetal hemoglobin), typically using techniques like:
- HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
- Capillary Electrophoresis
It is crucial for diagnosing conditions like Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemias, and other inherited hemoglobin disorders.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Detect sickle cell disease or trait (via HbS)
- Assess fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in adults and children
- Diagnose beta-thalassemia, HbE, HbC, and other variants
- Screen newborns, especially in high-risk populations
- Monitor response to treatment (e.g., hydroxyurea in sickle cell patients)
📊 Normal Ranges (Approximate)
Hemoglobin Fraction | Normal Range |
|---|---|
HbA (Adult hemoglobin) | 96–98% |
HbA2 | 1.5–3.5% |
HbF (Fetal hemoglobin) | <1% in adults, 50–90% in newborns |
HbS | Absent in normal individuals |
⚠️ Elevated HbS suggests sickle cell trait/disease; elevated HbF in adults may indicate hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or beta-thalassemia.
📈 Interpretation of Results
Result | Likely Condition |
|---|---|
HbS present (~35–45%) | Sickle cell trait (heterozygous) |
HbS > 80%, HbF elevated | Sickle cell disease (homozygous or with β-thalassemia) |
HbF > 1–2% in adults | Beta-thalassemia, HPFH, leukemia, aplastic anemia, sickle cell treatment response |
HbA2 > 3.5% | Suggestive of beta-thalassemia trait |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
Organ/System | Conditions |
|---|---|
Blood / Hematologic | - Sickle Cell Disease |
Bone Marrow | Aplastic anemia (may show elevated HbF as compensatory response) |
Liver/Spleen | Enlargement due to hemolytic disorders |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- CBC with RBC indices (MCV, MCH)
- Peripheral Blood Smear – To examine sickled or target cells
- Genetic Testing – To confirm mutations in beta or alpha globin genes
- Iron Studies – To differentiate iron deficiency from thalassemia trait
- LDH, Bilirubin – Indicators of hemolysis
- Family screening / antenatal counseling
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
Hemoglobinopathy Profile (HbF, HbS) | ❌ No fasting required – Blood sample can be collected anytime |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Detects abnormal hemoglobin types (HbS, HbF, HbA2) to diagnose hemoglobinopathies |
Why | Identify or confirm sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and related disorders |
Normal Ranges | HbF <1%, HbS absent, HbA2 1.5–3.5% |
High HbS | Indicates sickle cell trait/disease |
High HbF | Seen in β-thalassemia, HPFH, leukemia |
Follow-up Tests | CBC, genetic testing, iron profile, blood smear |
Associated Conditions | SCD, thalassemia, HPFH, hemolytic anemia |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
How our test process works!
