jamunjar-logo
whatsapp
cartmembermenu
Search for
"test & packages"
"physiotherapy"
"heart"
"lungs"
"diabetes"
"kidney"
"liver"
"cancer"
"thyroid"
"bones"
"fever"
"vitamin"
"iron"
"HTN"

HIV - I & II

Immunity
image

Report in 4Hrs

image

At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Detect infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

₹199₹300

34% OFF

HIV - I & II Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Detects the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibodies and/or antigens in blood serum to identify infection with HIV-1 (most common globally) or HIV-2 (primarily found in West Africa)
    • Initial screening test for individuals with potential HIV exposure or risk factors including unprotected sexual contact, needle sharing, occupational exposure, or maternal transmission risk
    • Routine screening during medical evaluations, pregnancy visits, blood/organ donation, pre-surgical assessment, or tuberculosis diagnosis
    • Confirmation of suspected acute HIV infection or assessment in patients with symptoms suggestive of acute retroviral syndrome (fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, fatigue)
    • Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) baseline testing within 72 hours of potential exposure
    • Periodic monitoring in healthcare workers with occupational exposure risk and in individuals at ongoing risk
  • Normal Range
    • Normal (Negative) Result: Reported as 'Negative' or 'Non-Reactive' - indicates absence of detectable HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and/or antigens
    • Abnormal (Positive) Result: Reported as 'Positive' or 'Reactive' - indicates presence of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 antibodies and/or antigens
    • Indeterminate/Inconclusive Result: Rare result requiring repeat testing in 1-2 weeks or reflexive testing with more specific assays (HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay or HIV-1 nucleic acid test)
    • Test Methodology: Fourth-generation antigen/antibody combination immunoassay (detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies plus HIV-1 p24 antigen); Results are qualitative (positive/negative) rather than quantitative
    • Window Period Consideration: Negative result does not exclude infection if test performed during window period (typically 18-45 days after exposure before antibodies/antigens become detectable); repeat testing recommended
  • Interpretation
    • Negative/Non-Reactive Result: No detectable HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection at time of testing; however, does not exclude recent exposure within window period; indicates low risk if testing performed more than 45 days after last potential exposure
    • Positive/Reactive Result: Indicates HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection is likely present; requires confirmatory testing using HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay or HIV-1 nucleic acid test (NAT/RNA viral load) to confirm diagnosis and determine viral type; false positives rare with modern assays but possible
    • Indeterminate/Inconclusive Result: May indicate: (1) very early infection during window period with emerging antibodies, (2) recent vaccination or cross-reactive antibodies, (3) technical/laboratory issue; requires immediate repeat testing and reflexive confirmatory testing
    • Factors Affecting Interpretation: Timing of test after exposure (window period 18-45 days), patient immune status (immunocompromised patients may have delayed antibody production), presence of other infections affecting immune response, recent vaccinations, sample collection and handling procedures
    • HIV-1 vs HIV-2 Differentiation: Combined HIV-I & II test identifies either/both types; differentiation immunoassay specifically identifies which type(s) present, important for treatment protocol selection and epidemiological tracking
    • Clinical Significance: Positive result is life-altering diagnosis requiring immediate specialist referral; initiates cascade of confirmatory testing, CD4 count assessment, viral load measurement, resistance testing, and antiretroviral therapy planning; negative result provides reassurance but may require repeat testing based on exposure timeline
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ Systems Affected: Immune system (specifically CD4+ T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells); also affects lymphoid tissues, brain, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract, blood
    • Diseases and Conditions Associated with Positive Results: HIV-1 infection, HIV-2 infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), opportunistic infections (PCP, toxoplasmosis, CMV, tuberculosis), malignancies (Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), HIV-associated dementia, wasting syndrome
    • Complications of HIV Infection: Severe immunosuppression (CD4 <200), opportunistic infections, neoplastic diseases, cardiovascular complications, renal disease, hepatic disease, neurological complications, bone disease, metabolic disorders, treatment-related toxicities
    • Transmission Routes: Sexual transmission (anal, vaginal, oral), blood-to-blood contact (needle sharing, transfusion, occupational exposure), mother-to-child transmission (during pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding); not transmitted through saliva, tears, sweat, casual contact
    • Long-term Health Risks if Untreated: Progressive CD4 decline, AIDS development, severe infections, malignancies, neurological deterioration, organ failure, shortened lifespan; however, with modern antiretroviral therapy, most individuals achieve normal lifespan with undetectable viral loads
    • Public Health Implications: Positive diagnosis requires notification of sexual/needle-sharing partners, surveillance reporting, prevention counseling, occupational health assessment if workplace exposure, pregnant women require prenatal care to prevent mother-to-child transmission
  • Follow-up Tests
    • For Positive Results - Confirmatory Testing (must be performed): HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay, HIV-1 nucleic acid test (NAT/RNA viral load - gold standard for confirmation), or HIV-1 western blot (if differentiation immunoassay unavailable)
    • For Confirmed HIV Infection - Baseline Assessment Tests: CD4+ T cell count (immune status marker), HIV RNA viral load (quantitative measure of viremia), HIV drug resistance testing (genotypic/phenotypic), hepatitis B and C serology, tuberculosis screening (TB skin test or interferon-gamma release assay), syphilis serology, sexually transmitted infection screening, complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, lipid panel
    • For Negative Results with Recent Exposure - Follow-up Testing: Repeat HIV screening at 1-2 weeks if tested within window period, at 3 months post-exposure, consider HIV-1 RNA testing at 2-4 weeks if very recent exposure for earlier detection during window period
    • For Indeterminate Results - Reflex Testing: Automatic reflexing to HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay and/or HIV-1 RNA nucleic acid test, repeat testing at 1-2 weeks, consider fourth-generation antigen/antibody test on different platform
    • Ongoing Monitoring in Diagnosed Patients: CD4 count and viral load every 3 months initially, then every 6-12 months on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART); annual monitoring of liver/kidney function, lipids, glucose (especially on protease inhibitors), bone density screening at age 50 or with risk factors, opportunistic infection prophylaxis assessment
    • Related Complementary Tests: CD4 percentage, HIV tropism testing (CCR5 vs CXCR4), proviral DNA testing, CD4/CD8 ratio, immune activation markers (hs-CRP, D-dimer), opportunistic infection prophylaxis indicators (CMV, MAC prophylaxis thresholds)
    • Prevention and Exposure Follow-up: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) baseline and follow-up testing at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-exposure; pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) baseline testing before starting, then every 3-6 months during therapy; partner notification and testing of sexual contacts within past 6-12 months
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: NO - Fasting is not required for HIV-I & II antibody/antigen testing; test can be performed at any time of day regardless of meal intake
    • Sample Collection: Blood draw from antecubital vein into standard serum separator tube (SST) or EDTA plasma tube; approximately 5-10 mL of blood collected; no special preparation needed
    • Pre-test Preparation: No specific dietary restrictions, medications do not interfere with test results, no extended arm activity or tight bands needed before collection, arrive for appointment with adequate time for counseling (15-20 minutes recommended)
    • Medications/Supplements: No medications need to be avoided before HIV testing; antiretroviral therapy and all other medications can be continued normally; supplements do not affect test accuracy
    • Special Instructions: Inform healthcare provider of timing of potential exposure for window period consideration, disclose any recent blood transfusions or organ transplants, report any vaccines received within past 4 weeks, pre-test counseling recommended (especially for higher-risk individuals or first-time testing), post-test counseling essential for result discussion and partner notification planning if positive
    • Optimal Testing Timing: Earliest reliable testing at 18 days post-exposure (fourth-generation antigen/antibody assay), more reliable at 24-25 days, optimal at 45+ days post-exposure for highest sensitivity; within 72 hours of exposure eligible for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consideration
    • Additional Considerations: Test location privacy is protected, testing may be anonymous in some jurisdictions, results are confidential, patient can bring support person if desired, emergency services referral available if crisis intervention needed post-test

How our test process works!

customers
customers