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HPV DNA Detection by RT PCR

Cancer
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Report in 48Hrs

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At Home

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No Fasting Required

Details

Detects & types HPV DNA.

₹2,220₹3,171

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HPV DNA Detection by RT PCR - Comprehensive Test Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Detects the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) technology, which identifies viral genetic material in tissue or fluid samples
    • Screens for high-risk HPV strains (particularly types 16 and 18) associated with cervical cancer, anogenital cancers, and oropharyngeal cancer
    • Evaluates abnormal Pap smear results and triage patients with atypical cervical findings
    • Monitors treatment response in patients with HPV-related lesions or cancers
    • Assesses risk of progression in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or other HPV-related conditions
    • Performs primary HPV screening in women aged 25-65 years as part of cervical cancer prevention programs
    • Typically performed during gynecological examination when abnormal cervical findings are noted or as routine screening
  • Normal Range
    • Negative Result: No HPV DNA detected (Negative/Undetectable)
    • Positive Result: HPV DNA detected (Positive) with possible genotype specification (HPV 16, HPV 18, or other types)
    • Units of Measurement: Qualitative (Positive/Negative) or Semi-quantitative (viral load in copies/mL or relative units)
    • Normal/Negative Interpretation: No detectable HPV DNA indicates no active HPV infection or very low viral load below detection threshold; generally associated with lower cervical cancer risk
    • Abnormal/Positive Interpretation: Presence of HPV DNA indicates active infection; high-risk types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68) warrant closer monitoring and potential intervention
    • Borderline/Inconclusive: In some cases, results may show low-level HPV DNA requiring repeat testing or additional evaluation
  • Interpretation
    • Negative HPV Result: No active HPV infection detected; very low risk of cervical cancer development in the near term; routine screening intervals can be extended (typically 3-5 years)
    • Positive HPV 16 or HPV 18: High-risk types most commonly associated with cervical cancer; significant malignant potential; requires immediate colposcopy and close monitoring; patient counseling about transmission and prevention is essential
    • Positive Other High-Risk HPV (types 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68): Elevated cancer risk; requires clinical correlation with cytology results and consideration for colposcopy; more conservative approach than HPV 16/18 but still requires surveillance
    • Positive Low-Risk HPV (types 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 61, 62, 71, 81, 89): Generally associated with benign lesions and genital warts; very low cancer risk; typically require surveillance rather than immediate intervention
    • HPV Positive with Normal Cytology: Infection present but no dysplastic changes yet; repeat HPV testing or cytology in 12 months is standard; demonstrates that HPV positivity does not always indicate immediate malignancy
    • Factors Affecting Interpretation: Specimen quality and collection method, immune status, age, vaccination history, concurrent cytology results, previous abnormal results, presence of visible lesions, and clinical symptoms
    • Clinical Significance: HPV DNA detection is the most sensitive marker for cervical cancer precursors; most infections clear spontaneously within 1-2 years, but persistent infection with high-risk types increases cancer risk significantly; genotype information guides risk stratification and management decisions
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Cervix (primary focus in women); also affects anogenital tract including vulva, vagina, anus, and oropharynx
    • Associated Medical Conditions: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN grades 1-3), cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, genital warts, condylomas, and other benign HPV-related lesions
    • Diseases Diagnosed or Monitored: Cervical cancer screening and prevention, CIN progression assessment, post-treatment surveillance for HPV-related malignancies, and identification of precancerous lesions
    • Potential Complications: Persistent HPV infection may lead to progressive dysplasia, invasive cancer, treatment complications (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation side effects), infertility, sexual dysfunction, and psychosocial impact from cancer diagnosis
    • High-Risk Patient Populations: Women with multiple sexual partners, immunocompromised patients (HIV positive), organ transplant recipients, patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy, smokers, and those with previous abnormal Pap smears
  • Follow-up Tests
    • If HPV Negative: Routine HPV/Pap screening in 3-5 years; co-testing with cytology not necessary unless part of institutional protocol
    • If HPV Positive with Normal Cytology: Reflex cytology (Pap smear) if not already performed; repeat HPV testing at 12 months; genotyping for HPV 16/18 to determine risk stratification
    • If HPV Positive with Abnormal Cytology: Immediate colposcopy with cervical biopsy if indicated; evaluation of degree of dysplasia; possible excisional procedures (LEEP, cone biopsy); HPV genotyping to identify high-risk types
    • Post-Treatment Monitoring: Repeat HPV DNA testing 6-12 months after treatment for CIN; clearance of HPV DNA is favorable prognostic indicator; persistent HPV positivity indicates higher recurrence risk
    • Complementary Tests: Liquid-based cytology (Pap smear), colposcopy with biopsy, cervical imaging studies, HPV genotyping assays, p16/Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, and in some cases imaging (CT, MRI) for advanced disease staging
    • Monitoring Frequency: HPV negative: every 3-5 years; HPV positive with normal cytology: annual testing for 2-3 years then reassess; HPV positive with dysplasia: colposcopy initially, then surveillance based on treatment and residual HPV status
    • Special Considerations: HPV vaccination status may influence recommendations; immunocompromised patients may require more frequent testing; pregnancy may necessitate deferring colposcopy but HPV testing can be performed
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: NO - Fasting is not required for HPV DNA detection by RT PCR
    • Duration: Not applicable; no fasting period required
    • Medications to Avoid: No specific medications need to be withheld; patients may take all regular medications as prescribed
    • Special Preparation Instructions: Do not douche, use tampons, intravaginal medications, or have sexual intercourse for 24 hours before specimen collection to avoid contamination and false negatives
    • Optimal Timing: Best performed after cessation of menstrual bleeding and when cervical mucus is clear; avoid testing during heavy menstrual flow
    • Specimen Collection Method: Cervical swab, liquid-based cytology sample, or tissue biopsy; clinician will collect specimen during pelvic examination; patient cooperation and relaxation recommended to facilitate adequate collection
    • General Comfort Measures: Empty bladder before examination; wear comfortable, easily removable clothing; avoid anxiety by discussing procedure with healthcare provider; brief discomfort is normal and expected

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