Immature Platelets Fraction (IPF)
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IPF is a marker of thrombopoiesis (platelet production)
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🧪 What is Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF)?
IPF is the percentage of young (reticulated) platelets in the bloodstream. These platelets are recently released from the bone marrow and still contain residual RNA.
- IPF is a marker of thrombopoiesis (platelet production).
- It helps distinguish whether a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) is due to increased destruction or decreased production.
❓ Why is the IPF Test Done?
To:
- Evaluate thrombocytopenia
- Distinguish between:
- Peripheral destruction (e.g., immune thrombocytopenia, DIC)
- Bone marrow failure/suppression (e.g., aplastic anemia, leukemia)
- Monitor bone marrow recovery post-chemotherapy or stem cell transplant
- Assess risk of bleeding or clotting complications
📊 Normal Range
Population | Reference Range |
|---|---|
Adults | 1% – 7% of total platelet count |
Children | Up to 10% may be seen normally |
📈 Interpretation of Results
IPF % | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Low or Normal IPF + Thrombocytopenia | Indicates reduced bone marrow production of platelets (e.g., aplastic anemia, leukemia, bone marrow suppression) |
High IPF + Thrombocytopenia | Indicates increased peripheral destruction of platelets (e.g., ITP, DIC, sepsis) – marrow is responding by producing more |
High IPF + Normal Platelets | May indicate increased platelet turnover, risk of thrombosis or inflammation |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
System | Associated Conditions |
|---|---|
Hematologic | ITP, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, bone marrow failure |
Immune | SLE, autoimmune thrombocytopenia |
Infectious | Sepsis, dengue (can cause thrombocytopenia with variable IPF) |
Oncologic | Leukemia, myelofibrosis, post-chemotherapy marrow recovery |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- CBC with platelet count – To correlate with IPF
- Peripheral smear – To visually confirm platelet morphology
- Bone marrow biopsy – If production issue suspected
- Reticulocyte count – To assess erythropoiesis alongside thrombopoiesis
- Liver function, viral markers – To rule out underlying causes of thrombocytopenia
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
IPF | ❌ Not required – can be done any time |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
What | Measures percentage of immature (young) platelets in blood |
Why | To evaluate cause of thrombocytopenia, monitor bone marrow activity |
Normal Range | 1–7% in adults |
High IPF + Low Platelets | Suggests peripheral destruction of platelets (e.g., ITP) |
Low IPF + Low Platelets | Suggests bone marrow production failure |
Follow-up Tests | CBC, bone marrow biopsy, reticulocyte count |
Associated Conditions | ITP, aplastic anemia, leukemia, DIC, post-chemo marrow recovery |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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