Insulin Fasting
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Assesses insulin levels in blood; used in diagnosing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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🧪 What is the Fasting Insulin Test?
Fasting insulin measures the amount of insulin in your blood after an 8–12 hour fast.
- Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood into cells.
- This test assesses how much insulin your body produces at rest (without food stimulus), helping evaluate insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and pancreatic function.
❓ Why is it Done?
To:
- Diagnose insulin resistance (early sign of metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes)
- Monitor patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
- Evaluate hypoglycemia or fasting blood sugar abnormalities
- Help assess risk for Type 2 diabetes
- Investigate pancreatic tumors (e.g., insulinomas)
- Assist in calculating HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance)
📊 Normal Range
Category | Fasting Insulin Range |
|---|---|
Normal | 2 – 25 µIU/mL (typical reference range; may vary slightly by lab) |
Ideal (optimal) | <10 µIU/mL in healthy individuals with normal BMI |
📈 Interpretation of Results
Fasting Insulin | Possible Interpretation |
|---|---|
Low (<2 µIU/mL) | Possible Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic insufficiency, or hypopituitarism |
Normal (2–10 µIU/mL) | Normal insulin sensitivity (if blood sugar is also normal) |
High (>10–25 µIU/mL) | Suggests insulin resistance, early Type 2 diabetes, PCOS, or obesity-related hyperinsulinemia |
Very high (>25 µIU/mL) | May indicate insulinoma or severe insulin resistance |
Note: Interpretation should consider fasting glucose levels and BMI. A single insulin reading is more useful when paired with fasting glucose (for HOMA-IR).
🧠 Associated Conditions
System | Associated Conditions |
|---|---|
Endocrine | Type 2 diabetes, PCOS, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome |
Pancreatic | Insulinoma, pancreatitis |
Cardiovascular | Atherosclerosis, hypertension (linked to metabolic syndrome) |
Other | Obesity, fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
- HbA1c
- C-Peptide – Measures insulin production
- HOMA-IR Calculation:
HOMA-IR=Fasting Insulin (µIU/mL)×Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)405\text{HOMA-IR} = \frac{\text{Fasting Insulin (µIU/mL)} \times \text{Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)}}{405}HOMA-IR=405Fasting Insulin (µIU/mL)×Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
- Lipid profile – For metabolic syndrome screening
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
Fasting Insulin | ✅ Yes (8–12 hours fasting required) |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
What | Measures fasting insulin level – reflects pancreatic insulin secretion |
Why | Diagnose insulin resistance, PCOS, assess Type 2 diabetes risk |
Normal Range | 2 – 25 µIU/mL; optimal <10 µIU/mL |
High Result | Insulin resistance, PCOS, insulinoma |
Low Result | Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic dysfunction |
Follow-up Tests | FBG, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, C-peptide, OGTT |
Associated Conditions | PCOS, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity |
Fasting Required | ✅ Yes |
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