Intestine biopsy - Medium 1-3 cm

Biopsy

Report in 288Hrs

At Home

No Fasting Required

Details

GI mucosal tissue histology.

₹370₹529

30% OFF

Intestine Biopsy - Medium 1-3 cm

Why is it done?
- Detects and diagnoses intestinal disorders by examining tissue samples from the small or large intestine under a microscope
- Diagnoses celiac disease by identifying villous atrophy and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine
- Identifies inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
- Detects infectious causes of chronic diarrhea including bacterial, viral, and parasitic organisms
- Diagnoses malabsorption syndromes and nutritional deficiency disorders affecting intestinal function
- Evaluates persistent unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms including chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss
- Screens for intestinal lymphoma and other neoplastic conditions
- Assesses response to treatment in known gastrointestinal diseases
- Medium-sized biopsies (1-3 cm) are typically collected during endoscopic or colonoscopic procedures for comprehensive histopathological analysis
Normal Range
- Normal Histological Findings: • Normal villous structure with appropriate height-to-crypt ratio (approximately 3:1 to 4:1) • Intact epithelial lining without ulceration or erosion • Minimal intraepithelial lymphocytes (<5-7 per 100 epithelial cells) • Absence of inflammatory infiltrates in the lamina propria • Normal crypt architecture with appropriate depth • No evidence of dysplasia or malignancy • Appropriate mucosal thickness • Normal microvascular pattern
- Interpretation of Results: • Negative/Normal: No pathological changes; ruled out suspected conditions • Positive/Abnormal: Presence of disease-specific histological findings requiring clinical correlation • Borderline: May require additional biopsies or clinical evaluation for confirmation
- Units of Measurement: • Specimen size: 1-3 centimeters (cm) • Tissue analysis: Histopathological examination at 40x, 100x, 200x, and 400x magnifications • Lymphocyte counts: Per 100 epithelial cells • Villous height and crypt depth: Measured in micrometers (μm)
Interpretation
- Villous Atrophy: • Partial atrophy (villous height reduction of 25-75%) suggests celiac disease, tropical sprue, or Whipple's disease • Total atrophy (villous height reduction >75%) indicates severe celiac disease or refractory sprue • Indicates malabsorption requiring immediate intervention
- Inflammation and Infiltrates: • Neutrophilic infiltration suggests acute infection or inflammatory bowel disease exacerbation • Lymphocytic infiltration indicates chronic inflammation or immune-mediated disease • Eosinophilic infiltration suggests eosinophilic gastroenteritis or parasitic infection • Plasma cells and macrophages indicate ongoing chronic inflammation
- Ulceration and Erosion: • Mucosal ulceration with crypt distortion indicates Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis • Aphthoid ulcers suggest early inflammatory bowel disease • Fissuring ulcers characteristic of Crohn's disease
- Dysplasia and Malignancy: • Low-grade dysplasia (LGD) requires surveillance endoscopy and increased monitoring • High-grade dysplasia (HGD) warrants consideration for surgical intervention • Adenocarcinoma indicates malignant transformation requiring oncology consultation
- Special Findings: • Granulomas suggest Crohn's disease, tuberculosis, or fungal infection • Caseating granulomas indicate tuberculosis requiring antimicrobial therapy • Microorganisms identify infectious causes (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi) • Abnormal lymphoid aggregates may indicate lymphoma or severe immune dysfunction
- Factors Affecting Interpretation: • Biopsy location (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon) affects histological patterns • Recent anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive therapy may mask inflammation • Specimen orientation and fixation quality impact diagnostic accuracy • Multiple biopsies from different sites improve diagnostic yield • Clinical history and symptoms essential for proper interpretation
Associated Organs
- Primary Organ System: • Gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, large intestine/colon) • Includes duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon mucosal tissue
- Medical Conditions Associated with Abnormal Results: • Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy) • Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis • Irritable bowel syndrome (if structural changes present) • Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whipplei infection) • Tropical sprue • Eosinophilic gastroenteritis • Lymphangiectasia • Peptic ulcer disease • Infectious gastroenteritis (bacterial, viral, parasitic) • Intestinal lymphoma and other malignancies • Adenomatous polyps with dysplasia • Diverticular disease • Microscopic and collagenous colitis
- Diseases Diagnosed or Monitored: • Autoimmune enteropathy • Short bowel syndrome complications • Systemic sclerosis with intestinal involvement • Common variable immunodeficiency • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with intestinal complications • Tumorigenesis in inflammatory bowel disease • Drug-induced enteropathy
- Potential Complications and Risks: • Perforation of intestinal wall (rare, <0.1%) • Bleeding at biopsy site (controllable with endoscopic intervention) • Abdominal pain or discomfort post-procedure • Infection from procedure-related bacteremia • Aspiration pneumonia if proper fasting not observed • Severe enterocolitis in patients with active inflammatory disease • Pancreatitis (rare) • Splenic injury during colonoscopy • Delayed complications in patients on anticoagulation therapy
Follow-up Tests
- Additional Tests Based on Biopsy Results: • Tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC) for specific markers and antigens • Immunofluorescence testing for autoimmune conditions • Special stains (PAS, Gram, Acid-fast) for infectious organisms • Flow cytometry for lymphoma or immune cell abnormalities • Electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis when indicated
- Further Investigations: • Tissue culture and sensitivity testing for infectious organisms • Serological testing (tissue transglutaminase IgA for celiac disease) • Fecal testing for calprotectin (inflammatory marker) • Capsule endoscopy for evaluation of small bowel disease • CT or MR enterography for imaging of small intestine • Video capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding • Repeat endoscopy/colonoscopy based on findings and clinical progression
- Monitoring Frequency: • Celiac disease: Repeat biopsy after 1-2 years on gluten-free diet to confirm mucosal healing • Inflammatory bowel disease: Surveillance colonoscopy every 1-3 years depending on disease extent • Dysplasia: High-grade dysplasia requires follow-up every 3 months; low-grade requires every 6-12 months • Cancer surveillance: Annual or biennial surveillance based on risk factors • Response to therapy: Biopsy at 3-6 months to assess treatment efficacy in active disease
- Related Complementary Tests: • Complete blood count (CBC) to assess for anemia or infection • Comprehensive metabolic panel for nutritional and liver assessment • Prothrombin time (PT/INR) before procedure for bleeding risk • Stool studies for parasites, culture, and C. difficile toxin • Hydrogen breath test for lactose intolerance or bacterial overgrowth • D-xylose absorption test for malabsorption assessment • Albumin and protein levels for nutritional status • Fat-soluble vitamin levels (A, D, E, K) in malabsorption cases
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: YES - Fasting is required
- Fasting Duration: • For upper endoscopy/duodenal biopsy: NPO (nothing by mouth) for 4-6 hours prior to procedure • For colonoscopy/colonic biopsy: NPO for 4-6 hours before procedure • Clear liquid diet for 24 hours before procedure is recommended • Complete bowel cleansing required 12-24 hours before colonoscopy
- Medications to Avoid: • Antiplatelet agents (aspirin): Hold 3-5 days before procedure if possible • Anticoagulants (warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants): Consult with physician regarding holding schedule • NSAIDs: Discontinue 7 days before procedure • Iron supplements: Hold 2-3 days before procedure • Sucralfate: Hold 24-48 hours before endoscopy (affects visualization) • Bismuth compounds: Hold 24-48 hours before endoscopy
- Special Patient Preparation: • Follow bowel preparation instructions provided by facility (polyethylene glycol solution or similar) • Arrange transportation as sedation/anesthesia will be used • Inform physician of allergies, especially to sedation agents • Report use of herbal supplements and all current medications • Continue essential medications (blood pressure, cardiac) with small sips of water unless instructed otherwise • Remove dentures, glasses, contact lenses before procedure • Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing • Have consent forms signed prior to procedure • NPO confirmed by anesthesia team before administration of anesthesia

How our test process works!