Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH Serum)
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The LDH test measures the amount of this enzyme in the blood, which rises when there is tissue damage or cell death
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🧪 What is Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)?
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in nearly all body tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, brain, lungs, and red blood cells. It plays a role in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate during energy production.
The LDH test measures the amount of this enzyme in the blood, which rises when there is tissue damage or cell death.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Detect and monitor tissue damage
- Help diagnose heart attack, liver disease, anemia, muscle injury, or certain cancers
- Monitor chemotherapy response or disease progression in cancers like lymphoma or leukemia
- Evaluate hemolysis or myocardial infarction when isoenzymes are used
🔬 How the Test is Performed
- A venous blood sample is drawn.
- LDH levels are measured using automated biochemical analyzers.
📊 Normal Range (may vary slightly by lab)
Age/Group | Reference Range (U/L) |
|---|---|
Adults | 140 – 280 U/L |
Children | May have slightly higher levels |
Newborns | Can be > 450 U/L |
📈 Interpretation of Results
LDH Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Normal | Normal tissue integrity |
Elevated (mild to moderate) | Can indicate liver disease, anemia, muscle damage, infection |
Markedly high (>1000 U/L) | Suggests widespread tissue injury, hemolysis, cancer metastasis, or myocardial infarction |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
Organ/System | Possible Conditions |
|---|---|
Liver | Hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver metastasis |
Heart | Myocardial infarction (MI), pericarditis |
Blood | Hemolytic anemia, leukemia, lymphoma |
Lungs | Pulmonary embolism, lung cancer |
Muscles | Muscle trauma, muscular dystrophy |
Pancreas | Pancreatitis |
Reproductive | Testicular/ovarian cancers |
For precise organ localization, LDH isoenzymes (LDH1–LDH5) may be ordered.
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- ALT, AST, ALP, Bilirubin – for liver assessment
- CK, Troponin – for cardiac evaluation
- Haptoglobin, Reticulocyte Count – for hemolysis
- CBC – for anemia, infection, or leukemia
- LDH Isoenzymes – to identify the source of elevation
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
LDH Serum | ❌ No fasting required |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Measures serum LDH enzyme levels (marker of tissue damage) |
Why | Detect cell damage, hemolysis, MI, liver/muscle issues |
Normal Range | 140 – 280 U/L (adults) |
High Values Indicate | Liver disease, MI, anemia, cancer, muscle injury |
Follow-up Tests | LDH isoenzymes, CBC, liver panel, CK, troponin |
Associated Organs | Liver, heart, blood, muscles, lungs, reproductive organs |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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