Lipid Profile
8 parameters
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Cholestrol/HDL Ratio, LDL/HDL Ratio, Non HDL Cholestrol, VLDL Cholestrol, Total Cholestrol, Triglycerides, HDL - Cholestrol, LDL - Cholestrol
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🧪 Lipid Profile – Detailed Explanation
Test Name | Fasting Required? | What It Measures | Clinical Relevance | Ideal/Target Range |
|---|
1. Total Cholesterol
- ✅ Fasting: Preferred
- 📊 Measures: The total amount of cholesterol (HDL + LDL + VLDL) in the blood
- 🩺 High levels are associated with increased heart disease risk
- 📉 Low levels can be seen in malnutrition or liver disease
- ✅ Ideal Range: < 200 mg/dL
2. HDL – Cholesterol (High-Density Lipoprotein)
- ✅ Fasting: Preferred
- 📊 Measures: “Good” cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from arteries
- 🩺 Higher HDL = better cardiovascular protection
- ✅ Ideal Range:
- Men: > 40 mg/dL
- Women: > 50 mg/dL
- Optimal: > 60 mg/dL (protective)
3. LDL – Cholesterol (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- 📊 Measures: “Bad” cholesterol that contributes to plaque buildup in arteries
- 🩺 Elevated LDL = major risk factor for atherosclerosis and heart attack
- ✅ Ideal Range:
- < 100 mg/dL = Optimal
- 100–129 mg/dL = Near optimal
- 130–159 mg/dL = Borderline high
- ≥160 mg/dL = High
4. VLDL – Cholesterol (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein)
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- 📊 Measures: Transports triglycerides; precursor to LDL
- 🩺 High VLDL = increased triglyceride-rich particles → heart risk
- ✅ Ideal Range: 2–30 mg/dL
5. Triglycerides
- ✅ Fasting: Yes (strict 9–12 hours)
- 📊 Measures: Fat in the blood used for energy storage
- 🩺 High levels = risk for heart disease, pancreatitis, insulin resistance
- ✅ Ideal Range:
- <150 mg/dL = Normal
- 150–199 mg/dL = Borderline
- 200–499 mg/dL = High
- ≥500 mg/dL = Very high
6. Non-HDL Cholesterol
- ✅ Fasting: Preferred
- 📊 Measures: Total cholesterol minus HDL (includes all “bad” particles: LDL, VLDL, IDL)
- 🩺 Better predictor of heart disease than LDL alone
- ✅ Ideal Range: <130 mg/dL (or 30 mg/dL higher than LDL target)
7. Cholesterol / HDL Ratio
- ✅ Fasting: Preferred
- 📊 Measures: Balance between total cholesterol and protective HDL
- 🩺 Lower ratio = lower risk
- ✅ Ideal Ratio: < 4.5 (optimal <3.5)
8. LDL / HDL Ratio
- ✅ Fasting: Yes
- 📊 Measures: Balance between bad and good cholesterol
- 🩺 More accurate than LDL alone in predicting atherosclerosis risk
- ✅ Ideal Ratio:
- < 2.5 = Optimal
- > 3.5 = High risk
📊 Summary Table
Lipid Marker | "Good" or "Bad" | Main Risk Associated With | Optimal Value |
|---|---|---|---|
Total Cholesterol | Neutral | Overall risk marker | < 200 mg/dL |
HDL – Cholesterol | Good | Low HDL = higher risk | > 40 (men), > 50 (women) |
LDL – Cholesterol | Bad | Atherosclerosis, heart attack | < 100 mg/dL |
VLDL – Cholesterol | Bad | Triglyceride-rich particle risk | 2–30 mg/dL |
Triglycerides | Bad | Pancreatitis, metabolic syndrome | < 150 mg/dL |
Non-HDL Cholesterol | Bad | Total atherogenic burden | < 130 mg/dL |
Chol/HDL Ratio | Composite | Cardiovascular risk | < 4.5 |
LDL/HDL Ratio | Composite | Atherosclerosis risk | < 2.5 |
🔄 Recommended Conjunctive Tests
If Lipids Are Abnormal | Additional Tests to Consider |
|---|---|
High LDL or Triglycerides | Apo B, Apo A1, Lp(a), Homocysteine |
Low HDL | Apo A1, hs-CRP, metabolic syndrome panel |
Borderline/High Triglycerides | HbA1c, Fasting Glucose, Liver Function Tests (ALT, GGT) |
Strong Family History | Genetic lipid profile, Lp(a), Apo B/A1 Ratio |
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