LKM1 Antibodies (Liver Kidney Microsomes)
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Primarily used in the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) type 2
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🧪 What is the LKM-1 Antibody Test?
The Liver-Kidney Microsomal Antibody Type 1 (LKM-1) test detects autoantibodies directed against microsomal antigens in liver and kidney cells, specifically cytochrome P450 2D6.
It is primarily used in the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) type 2, especially in children and young adults.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Diagnose Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2 (AIH-2)
- Distinguish AIH from viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, or other chronic liver diseases
- Monitor autoimmune liver conditions in combination with other antibody tests
🧬 Autoimmune Hepatitis Types and Antibodies
Type | Typical Antibodies | Common in |
|---|---|---|
AIH-1 | ANA, SMA | Adults |
AIH-2 | LKM-1, LC-1 | Children, young women |
AIH-3 | SLA/LP | Less common |
📊 Normal Range
Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|
Negative | No LKM-1 antibodies detected (normal) |
Positive | Suggests autoimmune hepatitis type 2 |
Titers (e.g., 1:40, 1:80) may indicate disease severity but vary between labs.
📈 Interpretation of Results
LKM-1 Antibody Result | Possible Meaning |
|---|---|
Positive | Likely Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2 |
High titer | Stronger autoimmune activity; potential for liver damage |
Negative | Does not rule out autoimmune hepatitis; other tests needed |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
Organ/System | Associated Conditions |
|---|---|
Liver | Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2, Chronic hepatitis C |
Kidney | Not primarily affected but reactive antibodies present |
Others | May be seen in drug-induced hepatitis, viral hepatitis C (rarely) |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- ANA, SMA, LC-1 Antibody – differentiate AIH types
- Liver Function Tests (ALT, AST, Bilirubin)
- IgG (elevated in autoimmune hepatitis)
- Liver Biopsy – to confirm diagnosis and assess severity
- Hepatitis B and C serology – rule out viral causes
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
LKM-1 Antibodies | ❌ Not required |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Detects antibodies to liver-kidney microsomes (P450 2D6) |
Why | Diagnose autoimmune hepatitis type 2 |
Normal Range | Negative |
Positive Result | Suggests autoimmune liver disease (AIH-2) |
Follow-up Tests | ANA, SMA, LC-1, LFTs, IgG, Liver biopsy |
Organs Affected | Liver primarily |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
How our test process works!
