Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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LH (Luteinizing Hormone) is a gonadotropin produced by the anterior pituitary gland
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🧪 What is Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
LH (Luteinizing Hormone) is a gonadotropin produced by the anterior pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in:
- Ovulation and corpus luteum formation in females
- Testosterone production by Leydig cells in males
LH is typically tested to evaluate:
- Fertility issues
- Menstrual irregularities
- Pubertal development
- Pituitary or gonadal disorders
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To assess or diagnose:
- Female infertility (check ovulation or ovarian reserve)
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
- Male infertility (testicular failure)
- Pituitary gland function
- Delayed or precocious puberty
- Menopause
📊 Normal Ranges
Reference ranges vary by lab and sex/hormonal status:
🧍♀️ Females (non-pregnant)
Phase | LH Range (mIU/mL) |
|---|---|
Follicular Phase | 1.9 – 12.5 |
Mid-cycle Peak | 8.7 – 76.3 (LH surge) |
Luteal Phase | 0.5 – 16.9 |
Postmenopausal | 15.9 – 54.0 |
🧍♂️ Males
| Range | 1.4 – 8.0 mIU/mL |
🧒 Children (Pre-pubertal)
| Range | < 0.1 – 6.0 mIU/mL |
📈 Interpretation of Results
LH Level | Possible Indications |
|---|---|
High LH | PCOS, ovarian failure, menopause, testicular failure, pituitary adenoma |
Low LH | Pituitary/hypothalamic dysfunction, anorexia, hypogonadism |
Mid-cycle spike (females) | Indicates impending ovulation – used in fertility tracking |
🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions
System/Organ | Associated Conditions |
|---|---|
Reproductive | PCOS, infertility, amenorrhea, testicular failure |
Endocrine | Hypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia, Kallmann syndrome |
Neurological | Pituitary tumors affecting hormone production |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
- Estradiol (E2)
- Prolactin
- Progesterone (Day 21)
- Testosterone (in males)
- TSH – rule out thyroid dysfunction
- Pelvic ultrasound – for ovarian follicles (in females)
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
LH | ❌ No |
But timing is important in females: LH levels vary with menstrual cycle phase.
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Measures LH – a reproductive hormone from pituitary |
Why | Evaluate fertility, puberty, ovulation, gonadal function |
Normal Range | Varies by sex, age, and cycle phase |
High LH | PCOS, menopause, gonadal failure |
Low LH | Pituitary/hypothalamic dysfunction |
Follow-up Tests | FSH, E2, TSH, testosterone, prolactin |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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