Lymph node biopsy -Medium 1-3 cm
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Examination of a lymph node (or part of it) to diagnose infections, inflammation, or cancer
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🧪 What is a Lymph Node Biopsy (1–3 cm)?
A lymph node biopsy involves the removal and examination of a lymph node (or part of it) to diagnose infections, inflammation, or cancer.
A medium-sized biopsy (1–3 cm) usually refers to a surgically excised sample from a palpable or radiologically detected node.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Diagnose or rule out lymphoma (Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin)
- Detect metastatic cancer spread from other organs
- Identify tuberculosis, fungal infections, or reactive lymphadenopathy
- Investigate persistent or unexplained lymphadenopathy
🩺 Types of Biopsy Methods
Method | Description |
|---|---|
Excisional | Entire lymph node removed |
Incisional | Portion of lymph node removed (1–3 cm = common size) |
Core needle | Less invasive; for deep or small nodes |
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) | Less tissue, often used as initial test |
🧠 Associated Organs & Systems
System | Relevant Conditions |
|---|---|
Lymphatic System | Lymphoma (Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin), Castleman disease |
Immune | Sarcoidosis, reactive lymphadenitis |
Infectious | Tuberculosis, EBV, CMV, HIV, toxoplasmosis |
Metastatic Spread | Breast, lung, stomach, head & neck, melanoma |
🔍 Interpretation of Results
Finding | Implication |
|---|---|
Reactive hyperplasia | Benign; due to infection or inflammation |
Granulomas | Tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infection |
Malignant cells (primary) | Lymphoma |
Metastatic cancer cells | Spread from other cancers |
Necrosis | Often infection or aggressive malignancy |
Further testing like IHC (immunohistochemistry), flow cytometry, gene rearrangement, or PCR may be done on the biopsy tissue.
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- ESR, CRP – for inflammation
- LDH – elevated in lymphoma
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC) – for cell typing
- Flow cytometry – for lymphoma classification
- Gene rearrangement / PCR – for clonality
- CT, PET scan – staging or detecting spread
- Microbiology / Culture – for TB, fungal infection
🧪 Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
Lymph Node Biopsy | ❌ Not required |
May require local or general anesthesia depending on site, size, and method.
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Histopathological exam of 1–3 cm lymph node |
Why | Diagnose lymphoma, metastasis, infection, or inflammation |
Size Category | Medium biopsy (1–3 cm node or tissue portion) |
Common Findings | Reactive changes, granulomas, malignancy |
Follow-up Tests | CBC, IHC, flow cytometry, PCR, PET-CT |
Organs Affected | Lymph nodes; systemic for malignancy or infection |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
How our test process works!
