Magnesium
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Measures the concentration of magnesium in the blood.
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🧪 **What is the Magnesium Test?
**
The Serum Magnesium Test measures the concentration of magnesium in the blood.
Magnesium is an essential electrolyte and mineral required for:
- Muscle and nerve function
- Heart rhythm regulation
- Bone strength
- Enzyme activity and energy metabolism
Only ~1% of total body magnesium is present in blood; most is in bones and cells. Therefore, this test reflects extracellular magnesium levels.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Diagnose magnesium deficiency or excess
- Evaluate neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., muscle cramps, tremors, seizures)
- Monitor electrolyte imbalances
- Assess renal function
- Investigate cardiac arrhythmias
- Monitor patients on diuretics, chemotherapy, or magnesium supplements
📊 Normal Range
Age/Group | Normal Serum Magnesium Range |
|---|---|
Adults | 1.6 – 2.6 mg/dL (0.66 – 1.07 mmol/L) |
Children | 1.6 – 2.5 mg/dL |
Ranges may vary slightly depending on the lab.
📈 Interpretation of Results
Magnesium Level | Possible Causes / Conditions |
|---|---|
↓ Low (<1.6 mg/dL) | Malnutrition, chronic alcoholism, diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, diabetes, refeeding syndrome, PPIs |
↑ High (>2.6 mg/dL) | Kidney failure, excessive supplementation, adrenal insufficiency, lithium toxicity |
🧠 Associated Organs & Systems
System/Organ | Associated Conditions |
|---|---|
Neuromuscular | Tetany, seizures, cramps, tremors |
Cardiovascular | Arrhythmias, QT prolongation, hypotension |
Renal | Impaired magnesium excretion in CKD |
GI Tract | Malabsorption syndromes, chronic diarrhea |
Endocrine | Diabetes, hyperparathyroidism |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Calcium (Serum) – often altered alongside magnesium
- Phosphorus (Serum) – inverse relationship
- Potassium (Serum) – low Mg can cause low K
- Creatinine, BUN – for kidney function
- ECG – if arrhythmias are suspected
- Vitamin D and PTH – if metabolic abnormalities exist
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Requirement |
|---|---|
Magnesium | ❌ Not required |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Measures magnesium concentration in serum |
Why | Diagnose deficiency, monitor renal/electrolyte status |
Normal Range | 1.6 – 2.6 mg/dL |
Low Mg | Diarrhea, alcoholism, diuretics, diabetes |
High Mg | CKD, supplements, lithium, adrenal issues |
Follow-up Tests | Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, renal panel, ECG |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
How our test process works!
