Male Infertility Package

Reproductive

7 parameters

Report in 24Hrs

At Home

No Fasting Required

Details

Infertility Profile Check for Males

₹1,899₹2,999

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Parameters

List of Tests
- FSH, LH, Prolactin
- Testosterone
- Anti Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody IgM
- Anti Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody IgG
- Anti Sperm AntiBody (ASAB)

Male Infertility Package

Why is it done?
- Comprehensive evaluation of male infertility by assessing hormonal function, immune responses, and infectious disease status that may impair fertility
- Investigates couples with unexplained infertility where the male partner may be contributing to the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse
- Evaluates gonadal function through FSH, LH, and Prolactin to assess the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis
- Measures testosterone levels to assess secondary sexual characteristics development and spermatogenesis capacity
- Identifies Chlamydia trachomatis infection (acute via IgM and chronic via IgG) as a significant cause of male infertility through inflammatory damage to reproductive tissues
- Detects anti-sperm antibodies that may impair sperm motility and fertilization capacity through immune-mediated mechanisms
- Recommended for men with low sperm count, poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology, erectile dysfunction, or history of genital infections
- Assists in determining etiology of infertility to guide appropriate treatment such as hormonal therapy, antibiotic treatment, or assisted reproductive techniques
Normal Range
- FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone): 1.7-8.6 mIU/mL (milli-International Units per milliliter) - stimulates spermatogenesis in the testes
- LH (Luteinizing Hormone): 1.7-8.6 mIU/mL - regulates testosterone production by Leydig cells
- Prolactin: 2-18 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter) or 0.4-10 mIU/L - elevated levels inhibit GnRH secretion, suppressing LH and testosterone
- Testosterone (Total): 300-1000 ng/dL (nanograms per deciliter) or 10.4-34.7 nmol/L (nanomoles per liter) - essential for sexual function and spermatogenesis
- Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody IgM: Negative or <0.8 index (indicates no acute infection)
- Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis Antibody IgG: Negative or <0.8 index (indicates no past or chronic infection)
- Anti-Sperm Antibody (ASAB): Negative or <1:32 titer (low or undetectable levels indicate normal immune status)
- Borderline results may require retesting after 2-4 weeks or confirmatory testing with alternative methodologies
Interpretation
- FSH Elevated (>8.6 mIU/mL): Indicates primary testicular failure with diminished sperm production; testis unable to respond to FSH stimulation, suggesting poor prognosis for natural fertility
- FSH Low/Normal with Low Testosterone: Suggests central hypogonadism (hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction) rather than primary testicular disease
- LH Elevated (>8.6 mIU/mL) with Low Testosterone: Indicates Leydig cell dysfunction; testes not responding to LH stimulation to produce testosterone
- LH and FSH both Low: Suggests secondary hypogonadism from pituitary or hypothalamic disorders such as pituitary adenoma or Kallmann syndrome
- Prolactin Elevated (>18 ng/mL): Inhibits GnRH secretion, resulting in low LH and testosterone; causes erectile dysfunction and reduced libido; investigate for prolactinoma or pituitary pathology
- Testosterone Low (<300 ng/dL): Associated with reduced sperm production, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and fatigue; classify etiology based on FSH and LH levels
- Testosterone High (>1000 ng/dL): May result from exogenous androgen use, which paradoxically suppresses endogenous testosterone production through negative feedback on LH/FSH
- Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis IgM Positive (≥0.8 index): Indicates acute active Chlamydia infection; requires immediate antibiotic treatment to prevent chronic inflammation and fibrosis of reproductive tract
- Anti-Chlamydia trachomatis IgG Positive (≥0.8 index): Indicates past or chronic Chlamydia infection; may have caused permanent damage to epididymis and vas deferens causing obstruction or scarring
- Both IgM and IgG Positive: Suggestive of chronic persistent infection with recent reactivation or reinfection; high risk for severe reproductive tract damage
- Anti-Sperm Antibody Positive (≥1:32 titer): Indicates immune-mediated factor; antibodies bind to sperm surface impairing motility, preventing cervical mucus penetration, or reducing fertilization capacity
- ASAB 1:32-1:64 (Low positive): May have clinically significant effects on fertility requiring assisted reproductive techniques
- ASAB >1:64 (High positive): Strongly associated with reduced fertility; significantly impairs sperm function; may benefit from immunosuppressive therapy or in vitro fertilization
- Factors affecting results: Recent infection or vaccination may elevate antibodies; testicular trauma may trigger anti-sperm antibody production; medications affecting hormones; time of day for testosterone collection (higher in morning)
Associated Organs
- FSH and LH: Produced by anterior pituitary gland; regulate testicular function including spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis in the testes
- Hypothalamus: Central control of FSH/LH secretion via GnRH; abnormalities cause secondary hypogonadism affecting male fertility
- Testes: Primary target organ; produce sperm (spermatogenesis) and testosterone; FSH stimulates Sertoli cells, LH stimulates Leydig cells
- Prolactin: Secreted by anterior pituitary lactotroph cells; elevated levels suppress GnRH, inhibiting testosterone and affecting sexual function
- Testosterone: Produced by testicular Leydig cells; critical for spermatogenesis, sexual desire, erectile function, and male secondary sexual characteristics
- Epididymis: Storage and maturation site for sperm; Chlamydia trachomatis causes acute epididymitis leading to inflammation, obstruction, and chronic fibrosis
- Vas deferens: Transports sperm from epididymis; susceptible to scarring and strictures from Chlamydia infection causing obstructive azoospermia
- Prostate gland: Produces seminal plasma; Chlamydia infection causes prostatitis with inflammatory exudate potentially containing anti-sperm antibodies
- Seminal vesicles: Contribute to semen volume and composition; Chlamydia vesiculitis may reduce fertility factors in seminal fluid
- Testicular germinal epithelium: Damaged by anti-sperm antibodies causing immune-mediated infertility through complement activation and antibody-dependent cellular toxicity
- Associated conditions: Testicular atrophy (low testosterone), azoospermia (no sperm), oligozoospermia (low sperm count), asthenozoospermia (poor motility), teratozoospermia (abnormal morphology)
- Potential complications of abnormal results: Permanent infertility, obstructive azoospermia requiring surgical intervention, erectile dysfunction, loss of sexual function, psychological impact on relationship
Follow-up Tests
- Semen Analysis: Essential confirmatory test; evaluate sperm count, motility, morphology, and vitality if hormonal or immunological abnormalities detected
- Free Testosterone and SHBG: If total testosterone abnormal; calculate free testosterone index to differentiate true hypogonadism from altered binding protein levels
- Repeat Hormone Testing: If FSH, LH, Prolactin, or Testosterone abnormal; repeat testing 2-4 weeks later for confirmation due to physiological variability and pulsatile secretion
- Thyroid Panel (TSH, Free T4): If prolactin elevated; hypothyroidism increases TRH which stimulates prolactin secretion; common cause of hyperprolactinemia
- Pituitary MRI: If FSH/LH low or prolactin significantly elevated; rule out pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, or mass compressing pituitary stalk
- Testicular Ultrasound: If testicular atrophy suspected or azoospermia present; evaluate testicular volume, echogenicity, and exclude masses or obstruction
- Chlamydia Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT): If IgM or IgG positive; confirm active infection and determine appropriate antibiotic therapy; direct PCR urine or urethral swab preferred
- Gonorrhea Testing (NAAT): Simultaneous testing recommended; often co-infected with Chlamydia; causes similar reproductive tract inflammation and infertility
- Post-Chlamydia Treatment Serology: Repeat testing 4-6 weeks after completion of antibiotics; confirm bacterial eradication and monitor for persistent/relapsing infection
- Sperm Antibody Panel (IgA, IgG): If ASAB positive; determine antibody class and subset specificity to guide immunosuppressive therapy or assisted reproductive technique selection
- MAR Test (Mixed Agglutination Reaction): If ASAB positive; functional assay to determine percentage of antibody-bound sperm and clinical significance for fertility
- Immunobead Test: Alternative immunological assay to confirm anti-sperm antibodies and determine percentage of affected sperm; helps predict fertilization potential
- General Blood Work: Complete blood count, metabolic panel, liver and kidney function if considering hormone replacement therapy or medications affecting fertility
- Genetic Testing: Karyotype and Y chromosome microdeletion analysis if azoospermia present; identifies chromosomal abnormalities affecting spermatogenesis
- Monitoring frequency: Repeat hormone panel every 3-6 months if abnormal during treatment; follow-up semen analysis 3 months after treatment initiation; antibody testing 2-4 weeks post-treatment completion
Fasting Required?
- Fasting: No, fasting is not required for any component of the Male Infertility Package
- Hormonal Tests (FSH, LH, Prolactin, Testosterone): Non-fasting test; however, timing of collection is important - preferably between 7-10 AM when testosterone is at peak circadian level
- Serology Tests (Anti-Chlamydia IgM/IgG, ASAB): Non-fasting blood tests; can be collected at any time without dietary restrictions
- Medications to avoid: Do not discontinue hormone medications (testosterone replacement, GnRH agonists/antagonists) unless specifically instructed by physician; inform laboratory of all medications
- Avoid supplements: Discontinue herbal supplements affecting hormones (tribulus terrestris, fenugreek, saw palmetto) 1 week prior if possible; these may interfere with accurate hormone assessment
- Recent sexual activity: Avoid ejaculation for 3-5 days prior to testosterone testing if possible; sexual activity and ejaculation may temporarily affect hormone levels
- Physical stress: Minimize strenuous exercise 24 hours before testing; intense physical activity temporarily elevates cortisol potentially affecting hormone metabolism
- Sleep: Ensure adequate sleep (7-9 hours) the night before testing; sleep deprivation affects hormonal secretion patterns, particularly prolactin and testosterone
- Stress management: Minimize psychological stress before testing; cortisol elevation from stress can affect other hormone levels and suppress testosterone
- Clothing: Wear loose, comfortable clothing allowing easy arm access for venipuncture; avoid restrictive clothing that may increase stress response
- Hydration: Maintain normal fluid intake; mild dehydration can artificially elevate hormone concentrations due to hemoconcentration
- Temperature: Avoid excessive heat exposure 24 hours prior; heat stress may temporarily affect spermatogenesis markers and hormone levels
- Caffeine: May be consumed normally; moderate caffeine does not significantly affect hormone test results but excessive intake should be avoided
- Arrival time: Arrive 10-15 minutes early to rest in calm environment; this allows heart rate and stress levels to normalize before blood draw

How our test process works!