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Mass small biopsy less than 1 cm

Biopsy
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Report in 240Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

General tissue biopsy of unspecified mass.

₹296₹423

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Mass Small Biopsy Less Than 1 cm - Comprehensive Medical Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Obtains tissue samples from small masses (less than 1 cm) to determine whether lesions are benign or malignant
    • Diagnostic purpose: Definitive histopathological diagnosis when imaging findings are inconclusive or concerning
    • Screening high-risk lesions: Evaluates suspicious nodules, polyps, or masses detected on imaging modalities (CT, MRI, ultrasound, mammography)
    • Tissue characterization: Distinguishes between different tissue types and cellular origins
    • Common indications: Small lung nodules, thyroid nodules, breast lesions, skin lesions, liver lesions, pancreatic lesions, and other organ-specific masses
    • Timing: Typically performed within weeks of detecting the mass on imaging, urgency depends on clinical suspicion for malignancy
    • Guidance techniques: Uses image guidance (ultrasound, CT, fluoroscopy, or stereotactic guidance) for precise needle placement
  • Normal Range
    • Normal/Benign Result: Tissue demonstrates benign histopathology with no evidence of malignancy, atypia, or concerning features
    • Interpretation: Benign diagnoses may include normal tissue, inflammation, infection, cyst, adenoma, or other non-malignant pathology
    • Clinical significance: Benign results typically warrant follow-up imaging at specified intervals or clinical observation rather than immediate intervention
    • Negative predictive value: High confidence that lesion is not malignant, though clinical correlation remains essential
    • Reference values: No quantitative measurements; results are qualitative and descriptive based on histological examination
    • Adequacy of specimen: Sample must contain sufficient tissue material for accurate diagnosis; inadequate samples may require repeat biopsy
  • Interpretation
    • Benign Results: Confirm non-malignant nature; may specify exact diagnosis (hamartoma, hemangioma, cyst, fibroadenoma, adenoma, etc.); allow conservative management and imaging follow-up protocols
    • Malignant Results: Confirm cancer diagnosis; identify cancer type and grade; warrant staging studies, treatment planning, and multidisciplinary oncology consultation; time-sensitive for management decisions
    • Atypical/Indeterminate Results: Show concerning but not definitive features; may indicate dysplasia or borderline lesions; typically require repeat biopsy, close imaging follow-up, or surgical excision for definitive diagnosis
    • Inadequate Sample: Insufficient tissue for diagnosis; repeat biopsy recommended with different technique or larger needle gauge
    • Factors affecting interpretation: Sample quality and quantity, location of biopsy within mass, prior imaging characteristics, clinical history, immunohistochemical stains, molecular testing, and correlation with imaging findings
    • Grading systems: Malignant tumors are typically graded for differentiation level (Grade 1-4 or low/high grade) affecting prognosis and treatment selection
    • Sampling error considerations: Small size of lesion (<1 cm) increases risk that sampled tissue may not represent most significant pathology; discordance between benign biopsy and imaging suspicion may warrant excisional biopsy
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary organs biopsied: Lungs (pulmonary nodules), thyroid gland (thyroid nodules), breast (suspicious lesions on mammography/ultrasound), skin (dermatologic lesions), liver (hepatic lesions), pancreas (pancreatic lesions), prostate, kidney, adrenal glands, lymph nodes
    • Lung masses: Diagnoses lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, small cell), metastatic disease, hamartoma, inflammation; abnormal results associated with smoking history, asbestos exposure, family history of cancer
    • Thyroid masses: Evaluates thyroid cancer risk (papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic carcinoma); distinguishes from benign adenoma, cyst, or goiter; Bethesda classification used for result categorization
    • Breast lesions: Diagnoses breast cancer (ductal/lobular carcinoma), fibroadenoma, papilloma, fibrocystic changes; essential for BI-RADS category 4-5 lesions
    • Skin lesions: Diagnoses melanoma versus benign nevus, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma; biopsy indicated for clinically suspicious pigmented or non-pigmented lesions
    • Liver lesions: Evaluates hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis; particularly important in high-risk patients (cirrhosis, hepatitis B/C)
    • Potential complications from abnormal results: Progression of untreated malignancy, metastatic spread, organ dysfunction from primary tumor or treatment, reduced survival if diagnosis delayed
    • Procedure-related risks: Bleeding, infection, pneumothorax (lung biopsies), nerve injury, organ perforation (rare with small masses and proper technique)
  • Follow-up Tests
    • If benign result: Follow-up imaging at 3-6 months, then annually for 2 years (chest CT for lung nodules, ultrasound/MRI for thyroid, mammography for breast), clinical examination, resolution of symptoms
    • If malignant result: Staging studies (CT chest/abdomen/pelvis, PET-CT, MRI brain if indicated), tumor markers (CEA, PSA, AFP, etc.), molecular testing (mutation analysis, receptor status), surgical consultation, oncology referral, multidisciplinary team meetings
    • If atypical/indeterminate result: Repeat core needle biopsy with different technique, excisional biopsy/surgical removal for definitive diagnosis, close imaging follow-up every 3 months, clinical correlation with radiologist
    • If inadequate sample: Repeat biopsy with larger gauge needle, different imaging guidance modality, or image-guided fine needle aspiration with cell block
    • Immunohistochemical stains: ER/PR/HER2 (breast cancer), p53, Ki-67, hormone receptors, tumor markers, microorganism identification
    • Molecular testing: EGFR, KRAS, ALK mutations (lung cancer), BRAF (melanoma), gene amplification studies, mismatch repair status
    • Post-procedure monitoring: Observation for 15-30 minutes post-biopsy, chest X-ray following lung biopsy, monitoring for complications (bleeding, infection, pneumothorax)
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Required: NO - Fasting is generally not required for needle biopsy procedures
    • Important exceptions: If biopsies of upper GI tract, liver, or pancreas may be performed, NPO (nothing by mouth) 4-6 hours prior may be recommended; if sedation planned, NPO 6-8 hours required
    • Medication management: HOLD antiplatelet agents (aspirin) 3-5 days prior; HOLD anticoagulants (warfarin, apixaban, rivaroxaban) 3-5 days prior or per protocol; HOLD NSAIDs 2-3 days before; continue essential cardiac/blood pressure medications
    • Labs required prior to biopsy: Prothrombin time (PT), INR, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelet count, complete blood count to assess bleeding risk
    • Patient preparation instructions: Arrange for driver if sedation planned; wear loose, comfortable clothing; remove jewelry; empty bladder; inform provider of allergies, bleeding disorders, current medications, recent illness; bring insurance card and photo ID
    • Hydration: Adequate hydration is beneficial and recommended; drink water as normal unless NPO status specified
    • Day-of procedure: Arrive 15-30 minutes early for check-in; bring all relevant imaging studies and prior biopsies; plan recovery time; avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity for 24-48 hours post-procedure

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