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Mastectomy Biopsy - XL

Biopsy
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Report in 288Hrs

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nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Histopathology of breast removal.

₹888₹1,269

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Mastectomy Biopsy -XL

  • Why is it done?
    • Histopathological examination of breast tissue following surgical removal of the entire breast (mastectomy) to confirm or exclude malignancy
    • Definitive diagnosis of breast cancer when imaging and clinical examination indicate malignancy
    • Assessment of tumor type, grade, stage, and hormone receptor status (ER/PR/HER2)
    • Evaluation of surgical margins to ensure complete removal of cancerous tissue
    • Detection of lymph node involvement and assessment of metastatic disease
    • Performed immediately after surgical mastectomy procedure in the operating room or within 24-48 hours in the pathology laboratory
  • Normal Range
    • Normal/Benign Finding: Absence of malignant cells, normal mammary gland tissue, benign proliferative lesions, or fibroadenoma
    • Negative Margins: ≥2mm of normal tissue surrounding tumor without malignant cells (considered adequate surgical removal)
    • Lymph Node Status: 0/[number] lymph nodes positive (N0 = no involvement)
    • Hormone Receptors (if applicable): ER negative, PR negative (in benign tissue)
    • HER2 Status: Negative or 0-1+ by immunohistochemistry (not amplified)
  • Interpretation
    • Positive for Malignancy (Invasive Carcinoma): Presence of invasive cancer cells indicates confirmed breast cancer requiring staging and treatment planning
    • Grade (Histological): Grade 1 (Low) = well-differentiated; Grade 2 (Intermediate) = moderately differentiated; Grade 3 (High) = poorly differentiated; Higher grades indicate more aggressive behavior
    • Tumor Size: Measured in centimeters; contributes to TNM staging and prognosis determination
    • Positive Margins: <2mm distance or cancer cells at margin indicates incomplete resection; may require additional surgery or radiation therapy
    • Lymph Node Involvement (N-stage): Presence of cancer in lymph nodes indicates metastatic spread; N1 (1-3 nodes), N2 (4-9 nodes), N3 (≥10 nodes); significantly affects staging and treatment
    • Hormone Receptor Status: ER/PR positive = responsive to hormone therapy; ER/PR negative = not responsive to hormonal treatment; determines targeted therapy options
    • HER2 Status: HER2 positive (3+ or gene amplified) = eligible for HER2-targeted therapy; HER2 negative = not suitable for trastuzumab therapy
    • Ki-67 Proliferation Index: <14% = low; 14-30% = intermediate; >30% = high; indicates cell proliferation rate and aggressiveness
    • Special Considerations: Prior chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiation can affect tissue appearance; specimen handling and fixation influence results
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Breast tissue and mammary glands (integumentary and reproductive system)
    • Associated Lymph Nodes: Axillary (underarm), internal mammary, supraclavicular, and interpectoral lymph nodes; primary sites of metastatic spread
    • Diseases Diagnosed/Monitored: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), inflammatory breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma
    • Benign Conditions: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), fibroadenoma, fat necrosis, papilloma, phyllodes tumors
    • Potential Complications of Abnormal Results: Metastatic disease to bone, lungs, liver, and brain; local recurrence; lymphedema; hormonal imbalances
    • Surgical Considerations: Skin flaps, chest wall involvement, pectoralis muscle involvement; sentinel lymph node biopsy correlation
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Imaging Studies: Chest X-ray, CT scan of chest/abdomen/pelvis, bone scan, and PET-CT for staging and metastatic disease detection
    • Laboratory Tests: Tumor markers (CEA, CA 15-3, CA 27-29), complete metabolic panel, liver function tests, complete blood count
    • Genetic Testing: BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation testing, multigene panel testing for hereditary cancer syndromes
    • Molecular Testing: Gene expression profiling (Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, Prosigna) for prognosis and treatment prediction
    • Supplemental Imaging: Contralateral breast MRI or mammography to assess for synchronous contralateral disease
    • Monitoring Protocol: Clinical examination every 3-6 months for first 5 years, annual mammography/ultrasound, annual surveillance imaging as recommended
    • Oncology Consultation: Medical oncology for chemotherapy consideration; radiation oncology for radiation therapy planning; surgical oncology for additional interventions if needed
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: No fasting required for mastectomy biopsy as it is a surgical pathology specimen analysis
    • Pre-operative Preparation: NPO (nothing by mouth) 6-8 hours before mastectomy surgery per anesthesia guidelines; applies to entire surgical procedure, not specifically to biopsy
    • Medications: Discontinue anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs) 3-7 days prior per surgeon; NSAIDs discontinued 1-2 weeks preoperatively; aspirin management per cardiac history; blood-thinning supplements (ginkgo, ginger) stopped 1 week before
    • Special Instructions: Remove jewelry, prosthetics, and metal objects; shower with chlorhexidine soap night before if recommended; wear loose comfortable clothing; arrange transportation as patient cannot drive after anesthesia; void bowel/bladder before surgery
    • Specimen Handling: Tissue fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin immediately; processed and analyzed within 24-48 hours; proper orientation and margin inking critical for accurate assessment

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