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🧪 What is the Microalbumin Test?

The Microalbumin test measures small amounts of albumin in the urine that aren't detectable by standard urine dipstick tests.

Albumin is a protein normally retained in the bloodstream.
Its presence in urine (called microalbuminuria) indicates early kidney damage, especially in people with diabetes or hypertension.

❓ Why is the Test Done?

To:

Detect early kidney damage in diabetics or patients with high blood pressure
Monitor progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Guide interventions to prevent further nephropathy
Screen high-risk populations for cardiovascular and renal disease

📊 Normal Ranges

Urine Sample Type			Normal Range
Spot urine (albumin/creatinine ratio – ACR)			< 30 mg/g creatinine
24-hour urine albumin			< 30 mg/day
Timed sample (4-hour/overnight)			< 20 mcg/min
Result	ACR (mg/g)	Interpretation
Normal	< 30	Normal
Microalbuminuria	30–300	Early kidney disease
Macroalbuminuria	> 300	Overt kidney damage

📈 Interpretation of Results

Value Range	Indication
< 30 mg/g	Normal kidney function
30–300 mg/g	Early nephropathy (microalbuminuria)
> 300 mg/g	Advanced kidney disease (macroalbuminuria)

Two of three positive results over 3–6 months are typically needed to confirm microalbuminuria.

🧠 Associated Organs & Conditions

System/Organ	Related Conditions
Kidneys	Diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and 2)
Cardiovascular	Heart failure, atherosclerosis
Others	Lupus nephritis, glomerulonephritis, preeclampsia

🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests

✅ Fasting Required?

Test	Fasting Required
Microalbumin (Urine)	❌ No

Best collected from first morning urine to reduce variability.
Avoid testing during UTIs, fever, menstruation, or heavy physical activity.

📝 Summary Table

Parameter	Details
What	Measures small amounts of albumin in urine
Why	Early detection of kidney damage in diabetics/hypertensives
Normal Range (ACR)	< 30 mg/g creatinine
Microalbuminuria	30–300 mg/g – early nephropathy
Macroalbuminuria	>300 mg/g – advanced kidney damage
Associated Organs	Kidneys, heart, endocrine system
Follow-up Tests	Creatinine, eGFR, HbA1c, 24h urine albumin
Fasting Required	❌ No

Microalbumin