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Oral biopsy - small <1cm

Biopsy
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Report in 288Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Oral tissue biopsy.

₹296₹423

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Oral Biopsy - Small (<1cm)

  • Why is it done?
    • Diagnostic evaluation of suspicious oral lesions, ulcers, or abnormal tissue growth in the mouth, lips, tongue, or palate
    • Detection of oral cancer and precancerous conditions (dysplasia) in lesions that appear abnormal on clinical examination
    • Identification of benign oral lesions such as lichen planus, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or other mucosal conditions
    • Determination of infectious causes including fungal infections (candidiasis), viral infections (herpes simplex, HPV), or other pathogenic agents
    • Evaluation of lesions that persist for more than 2-3 weeks despite local treatment or self-care measures
    • Assessment of lesions with concerning features such as irregular borders, color variation, induration, or bleeding tendency
  • Normal Range
    • Normal/Negative Result: Benign tissue with no malignancy, dysplasia, or significant pathology; normal mucosal architecture with appropriate epithelial thickness and normal inflammatory response if any
    • Benign Findings: Include chronic inflammation, reactive hyperplasia, mucocele, fibroma, or infectious lesions (candidiasis, herpes); no evidence of malignant transformation
    • Atypical/Dysplastic Findings: Mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia characterized by nuclear enlargement, increased mitotic figures, and loss of normal epithelial maturation; indicates precancerous changes requiring close monitoring
    • Malignant Findings: Carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma most common); demonstrates invasion beyond epithelial basement membrane, abnormal histology, and cellular atypia consistent with cancer
    • Insufficient Sample: May require repeat biopsy if tissue sample is inadequate for diagnosis
  • Interpretation
    • Benign Lesions: No cancer risk; may include inflammatory conditions, infections, or non-neoplastic growths; generally require supportive care or local treatment only
    • Mild Dysplasia: Precancerous changes affecting lower third of epithelium; risk of malignant transformation is 1-3% per year; recommend close clinical follow-up every 3-6 months, smoking/alcohol cessation, and possible repeat biopsy
    • Moderate Dysplasia: Dysplastic changes extending to middle third of epithelium; higher malignant transformation risk (up to 8% per year); typically warrants excisional removal or wider surgical margins with frequent surveillance
    • Severe Dysplasia/Carcinoma in Situ: Full-thickness epithelial dysplasia without stromal invasion; highest risk of malignant transformation; requires surgical excision and close follow-up
    • Invasive Carcinoma: Malignant cells extending beyond epithelial basement membrane; requires immediate oncologic referral, staging studies (CT, MRI, PET), and treatment planning (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or combination)
    • Infectious Etiology: Identification of candidiasis, herpes simplex virus, HPV, or other pathogens; enables targeted antimicrobial or antiviral therapy specific to causative agent
    • Factors Affecting Results: Specimen adequacy, fixation quality, sampling location accuracy, presence of secondary inflammation, oral hygiene status, and timing of biopsy relative to lesion activity
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Sites: Oral mucosa (buccal mucosa, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate), tongue (dorsal, ventral, lateral surfaces), lips, floor of mouth, and oropharynx
    • Associated Conditions - Benign: Lichen planus, lichenoid reaction, oral candidiasis, herpes simplex ulcers, traumatic ulcers, aphthous stomatitis, mucocele, fibromas, angiomas, and other benign neoplasms
    • Associated Conditions - Precancerous: Oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, actinic cheilitis, and dysplastic lesions associated with tobacco, alcohol, or betel nut use; HPV-related changes
    • Associated Conditions - Malignant: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (most common), adenocarcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, and metastatic cancers; high association with smoking, alcohol use, HPV infection, and areca nut chewing
    • Systemic Associations: Immunocompromised states (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy recipients, transplant patients) predisposing to opportunistic oral infections and higher cancer risk
    • Regional Complications: Cervical lymph node involvement, invasion to jaw bone, spread to pharynx, esophagus, or larynx; distant metastasis to lungs, liver, and bones in advanced malignancy
  • Follow-up Tests
    • For Benign Findings: Clinical examination and monitoring; repeat biopsy only if lesion persists or changes; infectious disease workup if pathogen identified
    • For Dysplasia (Mild-Moderate): Clinical follow-up every 3-6 months; consider repeat biopsy if lesion progresses; smoking cessation and alcohol avoidance counseling; oral rinse with antimicrobial agents
    • For Severe Dysplasia: Excisional biopsy with wide margins; referral to oral and maxillofacial surgeon or otolaryngologist; close surveillance every 2-3 months
    • For Malignancy: Immediate oncology referral; CT scan of head and neck for local staging; MRI for better soft tissue definition; PET-CT for distant metastasis screening; ultrasound of cervical lymph nodes
    • Additional Investigations: HPV testing (polymerase chain reaction or in situ hybridization) if malignancy identified; molecular markers for prognosis; immunohistochemistry for tumor characterization
    • Imaging Studies: Panoramic X-ray for bone involvement; periapical radiographs if tooth involvement suspected; baseline imaging for surveillance comparison
    • Long-term Surveillance: Annual or biannual oral examinations for at least 5 years post-treatment; quarterly examinations for first 2 years in high-risk patients
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: NO - Fasting is not required for oral biopsy
    • Pre-procedure Preparation: Patient may eat and drink normally before the procedure; mouthwash or water rinse prior to biopsy is acceptable
    • Medications to Avoid: Anticoagulants (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran) should be continued unless contraindicated; inform clinician of all anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy; aspirin continuation depends on clinical assessment; NSAIDs may increase bleeding risk
    • Pre-biopsy Instructions: Brush teeth gently or use soft oral hygiene 24 hours prior; avoid sharp foods, hard candies, or crunchy items day before; inform provider of oral infections or recent antibiotics
    • Post-procedure Care: Soft diet for 24-48 hours; avoid hot foods/liquids for first 24 hours; salt water rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in 8oz water) after meals and at bedtime; avoid smoking and alcohol for 24-48 hours
    • Bleeding Precautions: Mild bleeding is expected; apply gentle pressure with gauze for 5-10 minutes if needed; avoid strenuous activities or heavy exercise for 24 hours
    • Special Considerations: Inform clinician of bleeding disorders, thrombocytopenia, anticoagulation therapy, or immunosuppression; patients on blood thinners may proceed with biopsy with appropriate hemostasis measures

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