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Ovarian mass Biopsy - XL

Biopsy
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Report in 288Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Histopathology of ovarian lesions.

₹888₹1,269

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Ovarian Mass Biopsy - XL: Comprehensive Medical Test Information Guide

  • Section 1: Why is it done?
    • Test Description: The Ovarian Mass Biopsy - XL is a tissue sampling procedure that obtains cellular material from an ovarian mass or cyst for microscopic examination and pathological analysis to determine the nature of the lesion.
    • Primary Indications: To differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian lesions; to diagnose ovarian cancer; to identify specific histological types of tumors; to assess suspicious ovarian masses detected on imaging; to guide treatment planning and staging.
    • Clinical Circumstances: When imaging studies (ultrasound, CT, or MRI) reveal an indeterminate or suspicious ovarian mass; when tumor markers are elevated; when there are clinical symptoms suggesting ovarian pathology; prior to surgical intervention to confirm diagnosis; in patients with a family history of ovarian cancer; during evaluation of infertility with concurrent ovarian abnormality.
  • Section 2: Normal Range
    • Normal Result: Benign tissue; normal ovarian epithelium; absence of malignant cells; histologically consistent with simple cyst, follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, or other benign ovarian conditions.
    • Interpretation Framework: BENIGN (Negative for malignancy): Normal ovarian tissue, benign neoplasms, functional cysts; INDETERMINATE (Borderline): Borderline tumors (tumors of low malignant potential); MALIGNANT (Positive): Epithelial ovarian cancer, germ cell tumors, stromal tumors, metastatic disease.
    • Units of Measurement: Histopathological diagnosis (not quantitative); reported as tissue type and histological grade; may include immunohistochemical staining results and biomarker findings.
    • Clinical Significance: Normal benign results typically allow conservative management or simple surgical removal; abnormal malignant results indicate need for comprehensive surgical staging, oncological consultation, and adjuvant chemotherapy planning.
  • Section 3: Interpretation
    • Benign Findings: Simple cysts, follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, teratomas, fibromas, cystadenomas, and adenofibromas indicate non-cancerous pathology; typically require minimal intervention or routine follow-up imaging.
    • Borderline Malignant Potential (BMP): Tumors with architectural complexity and cytologic atypia but without invasive implants; have intermediate prognosis; generally better outcomes than invasive carcinoma but may require chemotherapy consideration in advanced stages.
    • Malignant Findings: Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell carcinomas); germ cell malignancies; stromal tumors; presents immediate need for surgical staging, grading (Grade 1-3), and systemic therapy planning.
    • Factors Affecting Results: Adequacy of tissue sample; location within mass (core vs peripheral); presence of necrosis or hemorrhage; fixation quality; pathologist expertise in gynecological oncology; immunohistochemical markers; molecular testing availability.
    • Clinical Significance: Biopsy results are critical for treatment planning; histological type and grade determine prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity; specific tumor subtypes (BRCA-related, HER2-positive) guide targeted therapy decisions; results impact surgical approach (conservative vs radical).
  • Section 4: Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Female reproductive system; specifically the ovaries (gonads); endocrine and reproductive functions.
    • Conditions Associated with Abnormal Results: Epithelial ovarian cancer (serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell types); germ cell tumors (dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma); stromal cell tumors (granulosa cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor); metastatic ovarian disease; ovarian lymphoma; hereditary cancer syndromes (BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations).
    • Potentially Affected Related Organs: Fallopian tubes; uterus; peritoneum; bowel (when malignancy is present); liver (sites of metastasis); lymph nodes (regional and distant staging); omentum (potential involvement in advanced disease).
    • Potential Complications of Abnormal Results: Local invasion of adjacent structures; peritoneal dissemination; ascites formation; bowel obstruction; malignant pleural effusion; metastatic spread to liver, lungs, and distant organs; compromise of reproductive and endocrine function; fertility loss.
    • Procedure-Related Risks: Infection; bleeding; ovarian rupture; spillage of contents (if malignant); bowel or bladder perforation (during image-guided biopsy); anesthetic complications; rare peritonitis; needle tract implantation (theoretical risk in malignancy).
  • Section 5: Follow-up Tests
    • If Benign Diagnosis: Routine pelvic ultrasound in 6-12 months; follow-up imaging as clinically indicated; tumor markers (CA-125, CEA) if elevated at baseline; gynecological examination; reassurance and conservative management typically sufficient.
    • If Malignant Diagnosis: Comprehensive surgical staging laparotomy/laparoscopy; comprehensive metabolic panel; liver function tests; tumor markers (CA-125, HE4, CEA); chest imaging (CT or X-ray); abdominal/pelvic CT or MRI for staging; pelvic lymph node assessment; peritoneal cytology.
    • Molecular and Genetic Testing: BRCA1/BRCA2 germline testing; somatic mutation analysis (TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA); HER2 status; microsatellite instability (MSI); tumor mutational burden (TMB); immunohistochemical studies (ER, PR, HER2, PD-L1).
    • Surveillance and Monitoring: Serial CA-125 measurements every 3-6 months during treatment; imaging studies (CT/MRI) every 6-12 months post-treatment; regular gynecological and oncological examinations; assessment for treatment toxicity and side effects; quality of life monitoring.
    • Complementary Diagnostic Tests: PET-CT for staging and recurrence detection; bone scan if indicated; tumor marker panels; immunophenotyping (for lymphomas); electron microscopy (for germ cell tumors); additional core biopsies if initial sample inadequate.
  • Section 6: Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Status: YES, fasting required in most cases when sedation or general anesthesia is used.
    • Duration and Specifics: Nil per os (NPO) for 6-8 hours before the procedure; clear liquids may be permitted up to 2-3 hours before, depending on facility protocol; water, black coffee, or tea without milk may be allowed in some cases; verify with the performing institution.
    • Medications: Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs for 5-7 days pre-procedure; discontinue anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs) 3-5 days before (or as directed by physician); continue essential cardiac or antihypertensive medications with small sips of water; antibiotic prophylaxis may be administered; discontinue herbal supplements (particularly gingko, garlic, ginger) 1 week prior.
    • Other Patient Preparation: Schedule procedure during follicular phase of menstrual cycle (first half); arrange transportation as discharge driving is not permitted with sedation; empty bladder 1-2 hours before (for ultrasound-guided biopsies, may require full bladder); shower/bathe day before; avoid heavy meals the evening prior; wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing; remove all jewelry and metal objects; informed consent required; pregnancy test if of childbearing age.
    • Pre-Procedure Clearance: Anesthesia consultation if indicated; blood work (CBC, PT/INR, PTT); EKG for patients >40 years or with cardiac history; medical history review and allergy assessment; discussion of risks and alternatives; baseline vital signs.

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