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Parvovirus B19 IgG Antibody by EIA - Serum
Anemia
Report in 192Hrs
At Home
No Fasting Required
Details
Detects antibodies.
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Parvovirus B19 IgG Antibody by EIA - Serum
- Why is it done?
- Detects IgG antibodies against Parvovirus B19, indicating past infection or immunity to the virus
- Evaluates immune status and determines if a patient has developed long-term immunity following natural infection
- Assess risk of congenital infection in pregnant women with known parvovirus exposure or symptoms
- Diagnose parvovirus B19 infection in patients presenting with fever, rash, arthralgia, or joint pain
- Evaluate immunocompromised patients with chronic anemia or viral persistence
- Determine immunity status in healthcare workers and other occupational settings with exposure risk
- Normal Range
- Negative: < 0.90 Index or < 0.8 Index (varies by laboratory), indicating no detectable IgG antibodies and no prior infection
- Positive: > 1.1 Index or > 1.2 Index (varies by laboratory), indicating presence of IgG antibodies and prior infection or immunity
- Borderline/Equivocal: 0.9 to 1.1 Index (range varies), suggesting possible recent infection or inconclusive results requiring repeat testing
- Units: Index Value (EIA - Enzyme Immunoassay), also reported as qualitative (Positive/Negative) or semi-quantitative with numerical values
- Interpretation Guide: Negative results indicate no past infection and susceptibility to parvovirus B19; Positive results indicate immunity from previous infection; Specific reference ranges vary by laboratory testing methodology
- Interpretation
- IgG Positive Results: Indicates past infection with parvovirus B19 and acquired immunity; usually persists lifelong; does not indicate active current infection; provides protection against reinfection in immunocompetent individuals
- IgG Negative Results: Indicates no prior infection and complete susceptibility to parvovirus B19; patient may benefit from precautions during outbreaks; particularly important for pregnant women due to risk of congenital infection
- Borderline Results: Requires repeat testing or reflex to additional testing (IgM antibody); may indicate recent seroconversion, early infection, or laboratory variability
- Combined IgG and IgM Results: IgM+ IgG- suggests acute/early infection; IgM+ IgG+ indicates recent infection with developing immunity; IgM- IgG+ confirms past infection and immunity
- Factors Affecting Results: Immunocompromised states may result in false negatives; severe immunosuppression may affect antibody production; timing of blood draw affects accuracy; prior vaccination does not prevent parvovirus B19 infection as no vaccine is available
- Clinical Significance Patterns: High index values indicate robust immune response; persistent positive IgG useful for epidemiological studies; discordant results with clinical presentation warrant additional investigation with IgM testing or PCR viral DNA detection
- Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems: Hematopoietic/Bone marrow (primary target); Lymphoid tissue; Vascular endothelium; Fetal tissues and placenta
- Associated Medical Conditions - Immunocompetent Patients: Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - characteristic 'slapped cheek' rash; Arthropathy and polyarthritis, particularly in adult women affecting hands, wrists, knees; Transient aplastic crisis in hemolytic anemias; Symmetric polyarthritis syndrome
- Associated Medical Conditions - Immunocompromised Patients: Chronic pure red cell aplasia (PRCA); Persistent chronic anemia; HIV-associated parvovirus with severe bone marrow suppression; Post-transplant anemia
- Pregnancy-Related Complications: Hydrops fetalis - fluid accumulation in fetal tissues; Fetal anemia; Myocarditis and heart failure in fetus; Intrauterine fetal death, particularly in second trimester; Congenital disease transmission
- Diseases Diagnosed or Monitored: Parvovirus B19 acute infection; Chronic viral carriage in immunocompromised states; Unexplained anemia evaluation; Transient aplastic crisis; Chronic arthropathy syndromes
- Potential Complications with Abnormal Results: Severe hemolytic anemia in susceptible populations; Fetal loss in unprotected pregnant women; Persistent infection leading to chronic complications; Immune complexes causing vasculitis and inflammatory conditions
- Follow-up Tests
- Reflex/Confirmatory Tests: Parvovirus B19 IgM antibody testing - differentiates acute from past infection; Parvovirus B19 PCR (DNA detection) - identifies active viral replication; Repeat IgG testing for borderline results after 1-2 weeks
- Associated Laboratory Studies: Complete Blood Count (CBC) - assess for anemia and reticulocyte count; Reticulocyte count - evaluate bone marrow response; Comprehensive metabolic panel - assess organ function; Hemoglobin electrophoresis if hemolytic anemia suspected
- Imaging Studies for Complications: Ultrasound in pregnancy - detect hydrops fetalis, fetal effusion, cardiac dysfunction; Fetal echocardiography if cardiac involvement suspected; MRI - evaluate joint involvement in chronic arthropathy
- Monitoring Frequency Recommendations: Pregnant patients: weekly fetal monitoring via ultrasound for 8-12 weeks if acute infection during pregnancy; Immunocompromised patients: periodic monitoring with CBC and reticulocyte count; Healthcare workers: baseline serology testing, repeat every 1-2 years if negative and high exposure risk
- Related Complementary Tests: Rheumatoid factor and ANA for autoimmune complications; Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test) for hemolytic anemia evaluation; Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time if bleeding complications; Bone marrow biopsy in cases of persistent cytopenias
- Patient Population-Specific Follow-up: Negative IgG in pregnant women: education on exposure avoidance, repeat testing if symptoms develop; Positive IgG in pregnant women: reassurance of immunity unless acute IgM positive; Negative IgG in healthcare workers: counseling on exposure risk, consider workplace precautions
- Fasting Required?
- Fasting Required: NO - This is an antibody test and fasting is not necessary
- Specimen Collection: Serum collection via venipuncture; typically 3-5 mL of blood in SST (serum separator tube) or clot activator tube; no specific time of day restrictions; can be drawn at any time
- Medications - No Restrictions: Antibody detection testing is not affected by routine medications; patients should take all regular medications as prescribed; immunosuppressive medications should be noted in clinical context but do not prevent specimen collection
- Patient Preparation Instructions: No dietary restrictions; regular fluid intake encouraged; inform phlebotomist of any bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use; apply light pressure to venipuncture site for 2-3 minutes after blood draw
- Specimen Handling: Allow blood to clot completely (30 minutes at room temperature); serum separation may occur spontaneously or via centrifugation; transfer serum to clean tube; refrigerate if testing cannot be performed within 24 hours; stable for extended periods if frozen at -20°C or below
- Special Considerations: Recent blood transfusion may affect results (inform lab); pregnancy does not affect test performance; timing relative to symptom onset affects interpretation (early infection may show negative IgG); results are typically available within 24-48 hours of specimen receipt
How our test process works!
