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PCOD Profile

Hormone/ Element

8 parameters

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Report in 8Hrs

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nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Hormonal panel for PCOD.

₹1,799₹2,780

35% OFF

Parameters

  • List of Tests
    • Sugar (Glucose) Fasting
    • Sugar (Glucose) Post Prandial
    • FSH
    • Insulin PP
    • LH
    • Prolactin
    • Testosterone
    • Insulin Fasting

PCOD Profile

  • Why is it done?
    • Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age
    • Assessment of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, which are significantly associated with PCOD and increase risk for Type 2 diabetes
    • Evaluation of hormonal imbalances characteristic of PCOD, including elevated androgens (testosterone) and abnormal gonadotropin levels (FSH/LH ratio)
    • Investigation of irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, amenorrhea, or oligomenorrhea in women
    • Diagnosis of hirsutism (excessive hair growth), acne, alopecia, or other signs of androgen excess
    • Baseline evaluation in women with unexplained weight gain, obesity, or metabolic dysfunction
    • Assessment of reproductive health and evaluation of causes of subfertility or infertility
    • Monitoring of hyperprolactinemia, which can present with similar reproductive symptoms and must be excluded as a differential diagnosis
    • Individual tests work synergistically: glucose tests identify metabolic dysfunction; insulin levels assess insulin resistance; LH/FSH ratio (typically elevated in PCOD) confirms ovulatory dysfunction; testosterone levels document androgen excess; prolactin excludes hyperprolactinemia as cause of menstrual irregularities
  • Normal Range
    • Sugar (Glucose) Fasting: 70-100 mg/dL (3.9-5.6 mmol/L); Normal range indicates proper fasting glucose metabolism and absence of fasting hyperglycemia
    • Sugar (Glucose) Post Prandial: <140 mg/dL (<7.8 mmol/L) at 2 hours after eating; Normal range indicates appropriate postprandial glucose response and effective glucose homeostasis
    • Insulin Fasting: 2-12 mIU/mL (12-72 pmol/L); Normal range suggests adequate insulin sensitivity and absence of significant insulin resistance
    • Insulin PP (Post Prandial): <40-50 mIU/mL (<240-300 pmol/L) at 2 hours after eating; Normal range indicates appropriate insulin response to glucose load
    • FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) - Follicular Phase: 3.5-12.5 mIU/mL; Normal range reflects appropriate pituitary function and normal follicular development
    • LH (Luteinizing Hormone) - Follicular Phase: 1.7-8.6 mIU/mL; Normal range indicates typical pituitary-ovarian axis function; LH/FSH ratio in PCOD is typically >2:1 or 3:1
    • Testosterone (Total) - Women: 15-70 ng/dL (0.5-2.4 nmol/L); Normal range indicates absence of significant hyperandrogenism
    • Prolactin: 4.86-29.2 ng/mL (4.86-29.2 mIU/L) in women; Normal range excludes hyperprolactinemia as cause of menstrual dysfunction or galactorrhea
    • Interpretation categories: Normal = all parameters within reference ranges; Borderline = values approaching upper limits, suggesting early metabolic or hormonal changes; Abnormal = values significantly outside reference ranges, consistent with PCOD diagnosis
  • Interpretation
    • Sugar (Glucose) Fasting - Elevated (>100 mg/dL): Indicates impaired fasting glucose, prediabetic state, or Type 2 diabetes; increases cardiovascular risk; common in insulin-resistant PCOD patients; requires lifestyle modification and possible pharmacological intervention
    • Sugar (Glucose) Post Prandial - Elevated (>140 mg/dL): Indicates impaired glucose tolerance, poor postprandial glucose control, and increased diabetes risk; strong indicator of significant insulin resistance; necessitates dietary counseling and monitoring
    • Insulin Fasting - Elevated (>12 mIU/mL): Pathognomonic indicator of insulin resistance, a key feature of PCOD; suggests pancreatic beta cell hyperactivity compensating for cellular insulin resistance; associated with metabolic complications and increased risk of Type 2 diabetes
    • Insulin PP - Elevated (>50 mIU/mL): Indicates exaggerated postprandial insulin response reflecting significant insulin resistance and pancreatic stress; strong predictor of future metabolic dysfunction; correlates with severity of PCOD symptoms
    • FSH - Low or Low-Normal (<3.5 mIU/mL): May indicate inadequate follicular stimulation, poor ovarian reserve, or PCOD-related ovulatory dysfunction; impairs normal follicle development and ovulation
    • LH - Elevated (typically >12-15 mIU/mL or LH/FSH ratio >2:1-3:1): Hallmark finding in PCOD indicating increased pulsatile GnRH secretion; results in inappropriate follicle selection, anovulation, and androgen excess; key diagnostic criterion for PCOD
    • Testosterone - Elevated (>70 ng/dL or >2.4 nmol/L): Indicates clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism; causes hirsutism, acne, male pattern alopecia, and clitoral enlargement; contributes to metabolic dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk
    • Prolactin - Elevated (>29.2 ng/mL): Indicates hyperprolactinemia, which can mimic PCOD with menstrual irregularities and anovulation; requires further evaluation for pituitary adenoma or other causes; necessitates pituitary MRI if significantly elevated
    • Factors affecting results: Stress, physical activity, menstrual cycle phase, medications (oral contraceptives, corticosteroids), sleep deprivation, recent carbohydrate intake, infections, and weight fluctuations can significantly alter hormone levels and glucose measurements
    • HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) can be calculated from fasting glucose and insulin: (Fasting Glucose × Fasting Insulin) / 405; values >2.0 indicate insulin resistance, higher values suggest greater severity
  • Associated Organs
    • Ovaries: Primary target organ in PCOD; characterized by multiple small cysts, thickened capsule, increased stromal volume, and excessive androgen production; results in anovulation, irregular menstruation, and infertility
    • Pancreas: Site of insulin production; insulin resistance leads to compensatory hyperinsulinemia causing beta cell exhaustion over time; increased risk of Type 2 diabetes develops in 40-50% of PCOD patients; potential pancreatic dysfunction complication
    • Pituitary Gland: Controls reproductive hormones through FSH and LH secretion; LH hypersecretion is characteristic of PCOD; dysregulation of GnRH pulsatility leads to abnormal gonadotropin ratios and ovulatory dysfunction
    • Hypothalamus: Controls pituitary function through GnRH; abnormal GnRH pulsatility in PCOD leads to increased LH secretion; contributes to reproductive axis dysregulation and persistent anovulation
    • Adrenal Glands: Additional source of androgens; may contribute to total androgen excess in PCOD; adrenal dysfunction can exacerbate androgen-related symptoms; elevated DHEA-S suggests adrenal hyperandrogenism
    • Uterus: May develop endometrial hyperplasia due to unopposed estrogen from anovulatory cycles; increased risk of endometrial cancer if untreated; irregular bleeding and menstrual abnormalities result from lack of progesterone
    • Metabolic Tissues (Adipose, Muscle, Liver): Target organs for insulin action; insulin resistance impairs glucose uptake and utilization; dysfunctional adipose tissue increases inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk; hepatic insulin resistance contributes to dyslipidemia
    • Cardiovascular System: Increased risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease in PCOD patients; insulin resistance and chronic inflammation accelerate cardiovascular pathology; metabolic changes elevate LDL and lower HDL
    • Liver: Develops non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 70% of PCOD patients; insulin resistance drives hepatic steatosis; increased risk of fibrosis and cirrhosis; elevated liver enzymes may indicate hepatic involvement
  • Follow-up Tests
    • If Fasting/Post Prandial Glucose Elevated: 2-hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT); HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) to assess 3-month average glucose control; repeat glucose monitoring every 6-12 months; consider referral to endocrinologist if diabetes develops
    • If Insulin Fasting or Post Prandial Elevated: Calculate HOMA-IR index; perform OGTT with insulin measurements; assess lipid profile for dyslipidemia; evaluate for metabolic syndrome; consider C-peptide to confirm endogenous hyperinsulinemia
    • If FSH Low or LH Elevated: Pelvic ultrasound to visualize ovarian morphology and confirm polycystic features; Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) to assess ovarian reserve; progesterone level to confirm ovulation; repeat testing in next cycle for confirmation
    • If Testosterone Elevated: Free testosterone measurement to assess biologically active androgen; Androstenedione level; DHEA-S to evaluate adrenal contribution; 17-hydroxyprogesterone to exclude congenital adrenal hyperplasia; rule out androgen-secreting tumors
    • If Prolactin Elevated: Repeat prolactin measurement to confirm elevation; Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and free T4 to exclude hypothyroidism; pituitary MRI to evaluate for prolactinoma or other pituitary masses; assess for medication-related causes
    • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: Screen for liver and kidney dysfunction; assess electrolytes; baseline evaluation for patients initiating treatment; repeat annually or with symptom changes
    • Lipid Profile: Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL to assess cardiovascular risk; often abnormal in PCOD due to insulin resistance; repeat annually; baseline before initiating lipid-lowering therapy
    • Thyroid Function Tests (TSH, Free T4): Exclude thyroid disorders presenting with similar symptoms; repeat every 2 years as screening; thyroid dysfunction affects menstrual regularity and metabolic function
    • Pelvic Ultrasound: Visualize ovarian morphology; confirm polycystic ovaries; assess ovarian volume and follicle count; evaluate uterine thickness and endometrial status; screen for complications; follow-up every 1-2 years
    • Endometrial Biopsy or Hysteroscopy: Consider if abnormal bleeding pattern; evaluate for endometrial hyperplasia or cancer risk; recommended if unopposed estrogen exposure for >5 years
    • Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): Assess ovarian reserve and reproductive potential; higher in PCOD; correlates with ovary size and antral follicle count; useful in fertility counseling; repeat annually if fertility concerns
    • Progesterone Level (Day 21): Confirm ovulation and luteal phase adequacy; repeat monthly during treatment to assess ovulatory response; values >3 ng/mL suggest adequate luteal phase
    • Semen Analysis: If infertility evaluation with male partner; assess sperm quality and quantity; may be affected by stress or metabolic dysfunction in partner
    • Hysterosalpingography (HSG) or Sonohysterography: Evaluate tubal patency if infertility; assess uterine cavity for abnormalities; recommended in fertility workup after PCOD diagnosis
  • Fasting Required?
    • Yes - Fasting is REQUIRED for this test package for accurate and meaningful results
    • Fasting Duration: Minimum 8-12 hours overnight fast required; typically from 10 PM evening meal to 8 AM blood draw for most accurate results
    • Pre-test Preparation: Nothing to eat after midnight (at least 8-12 hours before blood draw); water is permitted during fasting period; do not consume any beverages except plain water (no coffee, tea, juice, or sugary drinks)
    • Medication Instructions: Consult with physician before test; typically continue regular medications with water only; some medications may be held temporarily (insulin, diabetes medications may require dose adjustment); oral contraceptives should be continued as prescribed
    • Timing Considerations: Schedule test in early morning (7-9 AM) to ensure standardized fasting period and minimize diurnal hormonal variations; hormone levels fluctuate throughout day and cycle phases
    • Menstrual Cycle Phase: For optimal results, draw blood during early follicular phase (Days 2-5 of menstrual cycle) when hormone levels are most stable and reproducible; FSH and LH values vary significantly with cycle phase
    • Special Circumstances: If using oral contraceptives, discontinue for 3 months before testing for more accurate hormone levels; results may be artificially altered while on hormonal contraception
    • Stress and Activity Avoidance: Avoid strenuous exercise for 24 hours before test; limit physical activity morning of test; minimize stress as cortisol and catecholamines affect glucose and insulin levels
    • Sleep: Ensure adequate sleep night before test (7-8 hours); sleep deprivation affects glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and hormone levels; can cause false elevation of glucose and insulin
    • Post Prandial Test Requirement: Return 2 hours after standardized meal (75g glucose or 200-300 kcal meal) for post prandial glucose and insulin measurements; timing must be precisely 2 hours after meal consumption
    • Patient Instructions Checklist: (1) Confirm fasting duration before arriving; (2) Wear comfortable loose-fitting clothing for easier phlebotomy; (3) Stay hydrated with water only; (4) Bring photo ID and insurance card; (5) Arrive 10 minutes early; (6) Inform phlebotomist of medications and recent illnesses

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