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Penis - Large Biopsy 3-6 cm

Biopsy
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Biopsy of penile lesion.

₹666₹951

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Penis - Large Biopsy 3-6 cm

  • Why is it done?
    • To obtain tissue samples from penile lesions measuring 3-6 cm for histopathological examination and diagnosis
    • To diagnose malignant conditions including penile squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and other neoplasms
    • To evaluate benign penile conditions such as Peyronie's disease plaques, lichen planus, psoriasis, and other dermatological lesions
    • To assess lesions suspicious for infectious diseases including HPV-related conditions, syphilis, or other sexually transmitted infections
    • To determine tumor grade, depth of invasion, and margins for staging and treatment planning in malignant conditions
    • Typically performed when conservative management has failed or when clinical suspicion for malignancy is high
  • Normal Range
    • Normal Result: Benign tissue without malignant features, consistent with normal penile epithelium or benign dermatological conditions
    • Absence of atypical cellular features, dysplasia, or malignant cells
    • Normal inflammatory response if infection is suspected
    • Intact epithelial architecture with appropriate cellular differentiation
    • No HPV positivity or other infectious agents on special stains when indicated
    • Report Units: Histopathological diagnosis descriptive format with pathological staging when applicable
  • Interpretation
    • Benign Findings: Inflammatory conditions, infectious lesions (syphilis, herpes), benign neoplasms, or dermatological disorders with no malignant potential; requires clinical correlation and appropriate targeted treatment
    • Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia - PeIN): Presence of dysplasia confined to epithelium without dermal invasion; indicates premalignant lesion with risk of progression to invasive carcinoma; requires close surveillance and often repeat biopsies or ablative treatment
    • Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Most common penile malignancy; graded as well-differentiated (Grade 1), moderately differentiated (Grade 2), or poorly differentiated (Grade 3); depth of invasion and margin status assessed to determine TNM staging; necessitates comprehensive urological oncology evaluation and treatment planning
    • Melanoma: Rare but highly aggressive penile malignancy; prognosis typically poor; Breslow thickness and ulceration documented for staging; immunohistochemical markers (S-100, Melan-A, HMB-45) utilized for confirmation; requires urgent oncological intervention
    • Other Malignancies: Verrucous carcinoma, sarcomas, or other rare penile tumors; each requires specific treatment approaches and surveillance protocols
    • Factors Affecting Interpretation: Size and location of lesion, patient age, HPV status, smoking history, prior treatments, tissue sampling adequacy, and presence of adequate margins on specimen
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Penis (external genitalia); integumentary system involvement
    • Common Associated Conditions: Penile squamous cell carcinoma, Peyronie's disease, lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, psoriasis, balanitis, phimosis, HPV-related conditions, syphilis, herpes simplex virus infections, and penile melanoma
    • Potential Complications Associated with Abnormal Results: Local tumor progression and tissue destruction; regional lymph node metastasis; distant metastasis to lungs, liver, and bone; erectile dysfunction; urinary obstruction; sexual dysfunction; need for partial or total penectomy in advanced cases; psychological and quality of life impact
    • Biopsy-Related Risks: Infection, bleeding, pain, hematoma formation, scarring, dyspareunia, and rarely septicemia; appropriate sterile technique and hemostasis minimize these risks
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Imaging Studies: CT chest, abdomen, pelvis or MRI pelvis for staging and metastatic evaluation in confirmed malignancy
    • Lymph Node Assessment: Inguinal lymph node ultrasound, CT, sentinel lymph node biopsy, or inguinal lymphadenectomy depending on tumor stage and grade
    • Repeat Biopsy: May be necessary if initial biopsy is inconclusive, margins are involved, or lesion recurs after treatment
    • HPV Testing: HPV DNA or type-specific testing on biopsy tissue to assess HPV association and prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma
    • Immunohistochemistry: Special stains including p16, p53, and other markers for specific diagnostic confirmation and prognostic assessment
    • Clinical Surveillance: Regular physical examination and photographic documentation for benign conditions or premalignant lesions; typically every 3-6 months initially
    • Treatment-Specific Follow-up: Periodic imaging and clinical exams based on cancer stage; frequency varies from 3-6 months initially to annual surveillance long-term
    • Serological Testing: If infectious etiology suspected (RPR/VDRL for syphilis, HSV PCR for herpes simplex)
  • Fasting Required?
    • No fasting required
    • This is a tissue biopsy procedure, not a blood test or laboratory study requiring fasting
    • Patient Preparation: Genital area should be cleaned with soap and water prior to procedure Local anesthesia will be administered (typically lidocaine 1-2% with or without epinephrine) Patient should avoid sexual activity for 24-48 hours before biopsy May require local antibiotic ointment application for 1-2 weeks post-procedure Compression dressing or bandaging applied immediately after biopsy
    • Medications: Discontinue anticoagulants (warfarin, aspirin, NSAIDs) 3-7 days prior if possible; consult with prescribing physician Continue essential cardiac medications unless otherwise directed Avoid herbal supplements that may increase bleeding (ginkgo, garlic, St. John's Wort) for 1-2 weeks before procedure Take prescribed antibiotics only if recommended by urologist for infection prophylaxis
    • Special Instructions: Void bladder immediately before procedure Wear loose, comfortable clothing for easy access to biopsy site Arrange for someone to drive if sedation is used Plan for 24-48 hours of activity restriction post-biopsy Patient education regarding wound care and signs of infection should be provided

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