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PLA2 receptor antibody

Blood
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Report in 192Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Autoantibody test.

₹6,808₹9,726

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PLA2 Receptor Antibody Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Detects autoantibodies directed against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), a major antigen in membranous nephropathy
    • Diagnose primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and differentiate it from secondary causes of membranous glomerulonephritis
    • Assess disease activity and prognosis in patients with established membranous nephropathy
    • Monitor treatment response and disease progression over time
    • Evaluate patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, or glomerulonephritis
    • Performed when kidney biopsy demonstrates membranous pattern or when clinical suspicion for membranous nephropathy exists
  • Normal Range
    • Negative/Not Detected: <0.5 RU/mL or negative result
    • Equivocal/Borderline: 0.5-1.0 RU/mL (may require repeat testing)
    • Positive: >1.0 RU/mL (indicates presence of anti-PLA2R antibodies)
    • Units of Measurement: RU/mL (Relative Units per milliliter)
    • Normal Result: Absence of anti-PLA2R antibodies indicates either healthy status or membranous nephropathy caused by secondary factors (lupus, hepatitis B, NSAIDs, malignancy) rather than primary membranous nephropathy
    • Abnormal Result: Positive antibody test strongly suggests primary membranous nephropathy and correlates with disease activity
  • Interpretation
    • Positive Result (>1.0 RU/mL): Indicates primary membranous nephropathy; found in approximately 70-80% of primary PMN cases; higher antibody titers often correlate with worse prognosis and greater likelihood of progression; suggests active autoimmune response against glomerular basement membrane
    • Negative Result (<0.5 RU/mL): May indicate secondary membranous nephropathy (10-20% of PMN is actually PLA2R-negative); suggests membranous changes due to systemic disease, malignancy, infection, or medications; requires investigation for alternative etiologies
    • Borderline Result (0.5-1.0 RU/mL): Requires repeat testing; may represent emerging disease or falling titers after treatment; clinical correlation recommended
    • Antibody Titer Correlation: Higher titers correlate with proteinuria severity, active disease, and higher risk of progression to renal failure; declining titers after treatment suggest therapeutic response; rising titers may indicate disease relapse or inadequate treatment response
    • Factors Affecting Results:
    • Stage of disease (early disease may have lower titers); immunosuppressive therapy (can reduce antibody levels); genetic predisposition; concurrent infections or malignancies; timing of sample collection relative to disease onset
    • Clinical Significance: PLA2R antibodies have 98% specificity for primary membranous nephropathy; negative test in membranous pattern should prompt evaluation for secondary causes and THSD7A antibodies; serial monitoring helps predict renal outcome and guides treatment intensity
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Kidneys (specifically glomeruli within the renal filtration system)
    • Primary Membranous Nephropathy: Autoimmune glomerulonephritis characterized by immune complex deposition along the glomerular basement membrane; leads to proteinuria and progressive renal dysfunction
    • Associated Diseases and Conditions:
    • Nephrotic syndrome (massive proteinuria >3.5g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia); chronic kidney disease (progressive loss of renal function); end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or transplantation; hypertension secondary to renal disease
    • Potential Complications:
    • Acute kidney injury; rapid progression to renal failure; thrombosis (venous and arterial due to urinary loss of anticoagulant proteins); severe hypertension; cardiovascular complications from proteinuria and hypertension; infection from immunosuppressive therapy; malnutrition from protein wasting
    • Secondary Organ Involvement: Cardiovascular system (hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease); hematologic system (hypercoagulability, thromboembolism); metabolic system (dyslipidemia, malnutrition)
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Recommended Follow-up Testing:
    • Repeat PLA2R antibody testing at 3-6 month intervals to monitor disease activity and treatment response; declining titers indicate therapeutic efficacy
    • Serum creatinine and calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to assess renal function; baseline and periodic monitoring monthly to quarterly depending on disease progression
    • 24-hour urine protein quantification or urine protein-to-creatinine ratio to measure proteinuria severity; critical for prognosis and treatment decisions
    • Serum albumin and total serum protein to assess nutritional status and disease severity
    • Lipid panel (cholesterol, triglycerides) as nephrotic syndrome causes dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk
    • THSD7A (thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing protein 7A) antibody testing for PLA2R-negative cases to identify alternative causes of primary membranous nephropathy
    • Kidney biopsy if diagnosis unclear or to confirm membranous pattern histologically; immunofluorescence microscopy shows IgG and C3 deposits along glomerular basement membrane
    • Screening for Secondary Causes:
    • Antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA), and complement levels (C3, C4) to screen for lupus
    • Hepatitis B and C serologies to exclude hepatitis-associated membranous nephropathy
    • Imaging studies (chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, CT imaging) to screen for underlying malignancy in older patients with new-onset membranous nephropathy
    • Monitoring During Treatment:
    • Immunosuppressive therapy monitoring (complete blood count, liver function tests, drug levels if applicable)
    • Coagulation studies and D-dimer if thrombosis suspected due to hypercoagulability
    • Blood pressure monitoring (periodic checks, home monitoring if hypertensive)
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Requirement: No - fasting is not required for PLA2 receptor antibody testing
    • Sample Collection: Standard blood draw can be performed at any time of day; food and fluid intake do not affect antibody detection or measurement
    • Medications: Continue all current medications as prescribed; immunosuppressive therapy does not interfere with test accuracy (though it may lower antibody titers); notify laboratory of all medications being taken, especially immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, anticoagulants
    • Patient Preparation:
    • No special preparation required; arrive at collection time well-hydrated (normal fluid intake acceptable and helpful for phlebotomy)
    • Wear loose or easily rolled-up sleeves to facilitate blood draw from the arm
    • Inform phlebotomist of any bleeding disorders, anticoagulant use, or difficulty with blood draws
    • Inform laboratory of recent infections or vaccinations (may theoretically affect immune response, though rarely clinically significant for this test)
    • Note if sample is being collected at baseline for diagnostic purposes or as follow-up testing during disease monitoring/treatment response assessment
    • Specimen Handling: Blood drawn into serum separator tube (SST); allow specimen to clot for 30-60 minutes at room temperature before centrifugation; ship at appropriate temperature according to laboratory protocols

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