Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)-Total
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Prostate-Specific Antigen test screens for prostate cancer and monitors treatment response.
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🧪 What is the PSA – Total Test?
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland.
The Total PSA test measures the combined amount of free and bound PSA in the blood.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Screen for prostate cancer (especially in men over 50 or with risk factors)
- Monitor prostate cancer treatment response
- Evaluate causes of prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia – BPH), prostatitis, or urinary symptoms
- Guide decisions for prostate biopsy
📊 Normal Range
Age Group | PSA Range (ng/mL) |
|---|---|
<40 years | < 2.5 |
40–49 years | < 2.5 |
50–59 years | < 3.5 |
60–69 years | < 4.5 |
70–79 years | < 6.5 |
A PSA level above these thresholds may warrant further evaluation.
📈 Interpretation of Results
PSA Level | Possible Significance |
|---|---|
< 4 ng/mL | Generally considered normal; low risk |
4 – 10 ng/mL | Borderline; may indicate BPH, prostatitis, or cancer risk |
> 10 ng/mL | High risk for prostate cancer; biopsy usually recommended |
Rapid PSA rise | Suggests aggressive disease |
🧠 Associated Conditions
Condition | Details |
|---|---|
Prostate cancer | Elevated PSA often seen, but not specific |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | Common cause of mild PSA elevation |
Prostatitis | Infection or inflammation can raise PSA |
Recent prostate manipulation | Ejaculation, catheterization can transiently increase PSA |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- PSA Free (unbound)
- PSA Density (PSA/prostate volume)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Prostate biopsy for histological diagnosis
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- MRI of prostate
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Required |
|---|---|
PSA – Total | ❌ No |
Avoid ejaculation 48 hours before the test for accurate results.
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Measures total PSA (free + bound) in blood |
Why | Screen and monitor prostate cancer and other prostate diseases |
Normal Range | Age-dependent; generally <4 ng/mL |
Elevated PSA | BPH, prostatitis, prostate cancer, recent manipulation |
Associated Conditions | Prostate cancer, BPH, prostatitis |
Follow-up Tests | PSA free, DRE, biopsy, imaging |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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