Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) - Spot Sample
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Evaluates protein loss in urine normalized to creatinine; used in diagnosing and monitoring kidney disease.
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🧪 What is the Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) – Spot Urine Test?
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) in a spot urine sample measures the amount of protein relative to creatinine in a single urine specimen. It is used to estimate 24-hour urinary protein excretion without the need for a 24-hour urine collection.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Detect and quantify proteinuria, an important marker of kidney disease
- Monitor renal function in patients with diabetes, hypertension, or glomerular diseases
- Assess the severity of kidney damage and progression risk
- Guide treatment decisions and monitor response
📊 Normal Range
Protein/Creatinine Ratio (mg protein/mmol creatinine) | Interpretation |
|---|---|
< 15 mg/mmol | Normal |
15 – 45 mg/mmol | Borderline proteinuria |
> 45 mg/mmol | Significant proteinuria (proteinuria) |
Note: Units may vary; some labs report mg/g (milligrams protein per gram creatinine).
For example:
- Normal: < 150 mg/g (or < 15 mg/mmol)
- Proteinuria: > 300 mg/g (or > 30 mg/mmol)
📈 Interpretation of Results
PCR Level | Possible Clinical Significance |
|---|---|
Normal (<15 mg/mmol) | No significant proteinuria |
Mild elevation (15–45 mg/mmol) | Early kidney disease or transient proteinuria |
High (>45 mg/mmol) | Persistent proteinuria – suggests glomerular disease |
🧠 Associated Conditions
System/Organ | Conditions |
|---|---|
Kidneys | Diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, hypertension-related kidney damage |
Cardiovascular | Proteinuria as marker of endothelial dysfunction |
Systemic diseases | Lupus nephritis, vasculitis |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- 24-hour urine protein estimation – for confirmation in some cases
- Serum creatinine and eGFR – assess kidney function
- Urine routine microscopy – detect hematuria, casts
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Serologic tests for autoimmune diseases if indicated
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Required |
|---|---|
PCR – Spot Urine | ❌ No |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Ratio of protein to creatinine in a spot urine sample |
Why | Screen and monitor proteinuria and kidney damage |
Normal Range | < 15 mg/mmol creatinine |
Elevated Levels | Indicate kidney disease or damage |
Associated Conditions | Diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, hypertension |
Follow-up Tests | 24-hour urine protein, serum creatinine, urine microscopy |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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