Rectal biopsy - Small <1cm

Biopsy

Report in 288Hrs

At Home

No Fasting Required

Details

It is used to diagnose various rectal and systemic diseases

₹319₹800

60% OFF

Rectal Biopsy - Small <1cm

Why is it done?
- Diagnostic tissue sampling of small rectal lesions, polyps, or suspicious areas (<1cm) for histopathological examination
- Evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
- Detection of colorectal dysplasia or malignancy in high-risk patients
- Investigation of chronic rectal symptoms such as bleeding, persistent diarrhea, or mucus discharge
- Identification of infectious agents or parasitic infections affecting the rectum
- Assessment of polyp histology and determination of removal completeness
- Typically performed during colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy procedures when suspicious lesions are identified
Normal Range
- Normal biopsy findings: Intact rectal mucosa with normal columnar epithelium, appropriate glandular structures, and absence of inflammatory infiltrate
- Normal results indicate: Non-dysplastic tissue, benign findings, absence of malignancy, infection, or significant inflammatory changes
- Result interpretation: Qualitative assessment (reported as benign/malignant/dysplastic) rather than quantitative values
- Reference unit: Histopathological diagnosis classified by tissue type and cellular characteristics
- Negative result: No dysplasia, carcinoma, or significant pathology detected
- Positive result: Presence of dysplasia, malignancy, inflammatory changes, infection, or other significant pathology requiring clinical correlation
Interpretation
- Non-dysplastic/Benign findings: Normal tissue architecture with no evidence of cancer or pre-cancerous changes; may include benign polyps, hamartomas, or hyperplastic polyps
- Low-grade dysplasia (LGD): Early pre-cancerous changes with increased cell proliferation and nuclear abnormalities; requires close surveillance and possible endoscopic follow-up
- High-grade dysplasia (HGD): Advanced pre-cancerous changes; significant risk of malignant transformation; typically requires endoscopic resection or surgical intervention
- Invasive carcinoma: Presence of malignant cells invading through the mucosa; requires staging, comprehensive treatment planning, and potential surgical resection
- Inflammatory findings: Evidence of IBD, infectious colitis, or chemical injury; characterized by inflammatory infiltrate, mucosal ulceration, or crypt distortion
- Infectious agents: Identification of parasites, bacteria, or fungal organisms; special stains or cultures may be performed for definitive identification
- Factors affecting interpretation: Specimen adequacy, tissue fixation, staining quality, pathohistologist experience, location of biopsy site, and prior bowel preparation
- Clinical significance: Results guide treatment decisions, surveillance intervals, and prognostic assessment; dysplastic findings significantly impact long-term management strategy
Associated Organs
- Primary organ: Rectum (terminal portion of the large intestine)
- Organ system: Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and lower colorectal region
- Conditions commonly associated with abnormal results:
- Colorectal cancer and adenocarcinoma variants
- Ulcerative colitis with increased dysplasia risk
- Crohn's disease affecting the rectosigmoid region
- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer)
- Infectious colitis (bacterial, viral, or parasitic)
- Ischemic colitis affecting the rectum
- Radiation-induced proctitis
- Potential complications and risks:
- Minor: Post-biopsy bleeding (usually self-limited), mild cramping or discomfort, temporary mucoid discharge
- Rare: Rectal perforation, severe hemorrhage requiring transfusion, infection, or peritonitis (typically in lesions >1cm or complex polyps)
- Risk reduction: Small specimen size (<1cm) minimizes complications; appropriate hemostasis techniques employed during procedure
Follow-up Tests
- If dysplasia is identified:
- Repeat colonoscopy with multiple quadrant biopsies for confirmation and staging
- Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to assess depth of invasion in malignant lesions
- CT colonography or MRI pelvis for staging metastatic disease
- Immunohistochemistry staining for microsatellite instability or mismatch repair protein assessment
- If inflammatory bowel disease is suspected:
- Fecal calprotectin to assess ongoing inflammation
- C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- Complete blood count (CBC) to assess for anemia or leukocytosis
- Comprehensive metabolic panel for nutritional status assessment
- If infectious etiology is identified:
- Stool culture and sensitivity testing
- Parasitic serology or antigen testing as indicated
- Special stains on biopsy specimen (acid-fast, Gram, PAS, Gomori methenamine silver)
- Surveillance intervals:
- Low-grade dysplasia: Repeat colonoscopy in 3-6 months, then annually if confirmed
- High-grade dysplasia: Urgent repeat evaluation within 2-4 weeks to confirm findings
- Invasive carcinoma: Staging studies within 2 weeks; surgical consultation and oncology referral
- Normal findings in IBD: Regular surveillance colonoscopy every 1-3 years depending on disease duration and extent
Fasting Required?
- Fasting required: Yes
- Fasting duration: 4-8 hours prior to procedure (typically 6 hours minimum)
- Fluid intake: Clear liquids only (water, broth, apple juice without pulp) up to 2 hours before procedure
- Bowel preparation: Mandatory bowel cleansing 12-24 hours prior to procedure (polyethylene glycol solution, magnesium citrate, or sodium phosphate products)
- Medications to avoid or modify:
- Aspirin and NSAIDs: Discontinue 5-7 days before procedure (bleeding risk)
- Anticoagulants (warfarin, dabigatran): Coordinate with physician regarding temporary discontinuation
- Clopidogrel (Plavix): Typically held 5-7 days before procedure
- Iron supplements: Discontinue 48-72 hours before (may obscure visualization)
- Pre-procedure patient preparation:
- Arrange transportation (sedation administered during procedure)
- Arrive 15-30 minutes early for registration and consent
- Obtain informed consent with review of procedural risks and benefits
- Establish intravenous access for sedation administration
- Change into hospital gown; void before procedure
- Post-procedure: Rest for 30-60 minutes; no driving for 24 hours after sedation; avoid strenuous activity for 24 hours

How our test process works!