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🧪 What is SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR?

The SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test detects the presence of viral RNA from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19. It is the gold standard diagnostic test for confirming active COVID-19 infection.

❓ Why is the Test Done?

To:

Diagnose active COVID-19 infection
Screen symptomatic or exposed individuals
Guide isolation and treatment decisions
Support contact tracing and public health measures

🔬 How the Test Works

A sample is collected via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab (sometimes saliva or lower respiratory specimens)
Viral RNA is extracted and converted to DNA by reverse transcription
PCR amplifies specific viral gene sequences (e.g., N gene, E gene, RdRp gene)
Detection indicates presence of virus

📊 Interpretation of Results

Result	Meaning
Positive	Active infection; SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected
Negative	No viral RNA detected; infection unlikely at sampling time
Inconclusive/Invalid	Repeat testing recommended

🧠 Associated Conditions

Condition	Details
COVID-19 infection	Mild to severe respiratory illness
Asymptomatic carrier	May test positive without symptoms
Post-infection	Viral RNA may persist without infectiousness

🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests

Rapid Antigen Test – quicker, less sensitive alternative
Serology (Antibody) Testing – detect past infection or vaccination response
Chest imaging – assess lung involvement in severe cases

✅ Fasting Required?

Test	Fasting Required
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR	❌ No

📝 Summary Table

Parameter	Details
What	Detects SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA via RT-PCR
Why	Confirm active COVID-19 infection
Sample	Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab, saliva, lower respiratory tract
Interpretation	Positive, negative, or inconclusive
Associated Conditions	COVID-19 infection, asymptomatic carriage
Follow-up Tests	Rapid antigen, serology, imaging
Fasting Required	❌ No

SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR

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