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Serum Creatinine

Kidney
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Report in 4Hrs

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nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Key marker of kidney filtration function (GFR); elevated in renal impairment.

₹39₹180

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Serum Creatinine Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Purpose: Serum creatinine measures the level of creatinine in the blood, a waste product produced by muscle metabolism. It is primarily used to assess kidney function and detect renal impairment.
    • Primary Indications: Screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD), assessing acute kidney injury (AKI), monitoring renal function in patients with diabetes or hypertension, evaluating medication toxicity, pre-operative assessment, and monitoring patients on nephrotoxic drugs.
    • When Performed: During routine physical examinations, annual health check-ups, when kidney disease is suspected, before starting certain medications, in patients with risk factors for kidney disease (diabetes, hypertension, family history), and to monitor disease progression in known renal conditions.
  • Normal Range
    • Reference Values: Adult Males: 0.7-1.3 mg/dL (62-115 μmol/L) Adult Females: 0.6-1.1 mg/dL (53-97 μmol/L) Children (5-7 years): 0.3-0.6 mg/dL Adolescents (12-16 years): 0.5-1.0 mg/dL
    • Units of Measurement: mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) in the United States; μmol/L (micromoles per liter) in most other countries.
    • Interpretation: Normal creatinine levels indicate adequate kidney function. Values within the reference range suggest that the kidneys are effectively filtering waste products from the blood. However, normal creatinine does not always rule out early kidney disease.
    • Elevated Values: Levels above the upper limit of normal may indicate reduced kidney function or damage.
    • Low Values: Levels below the lower limit are uncommon but may indicate reduced muscle mass, malnutrition, liver disease, or pregnancy.
  • Interpretation
    • Elevated Creatinine (>1.3 mg/dL in males, >1.1 mg/dL in females): Suggests impaired kidney function, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, severe dehydration, or urinary tract obstruction. May also indicate diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, or other renal pathologies.
    • Rapidly Rising Creatinine: Indicates acute kidney injury requiring urgent intervention and investigation.
    • Slowly Progressive Elevation: Consistent with chronic kidney disease progression; requires ongoing monitoring and management.
    • Factors Affecting Results: Age (increases with age), sex (higher in males due to greater muscle mass), race (may vary by ethnicity), muscle mass (athletes have higher baseline levels), body weight, medications (ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs), dehydration, infection, and high protein diet.
    • Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR): Serum creatinine is used to calculate eGFR, a more accurate measure of kidney function that accounts for age, sex, and body size. eGFR is the preferred method for assessing kidney function and staging CKD.
    • Clinical Significance: A single elevated creatinine value may not indicate significant kidney disease; serial measurements are more informative. The rate of change is more clinically significant than absolute values.
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Kidneys (renal system). The test directly reflects kidney function and the glomerular filtration rate.
    • Secondary Organs Involved: Skeletal muscles (source of creatinine production), liver (affects protein metabolism), and heart (cardiovascular disease is associated with renal dysfunction).
    • Associated Medical Conditions: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - stages 1-5 based on eGFR; Acute Kidney Injury (AKI); Diabetic Nephropathy; Hypertension-related kidney damage; Glomerulonephritis; Pyelonephritis; Polycystic kidney disease; Lupus nephritis; Amyloidosis; Renal artery stenosis; Urinary tract obstruction.
    • Potential Complications of Elevated Creatinine: Fluid overload and edema; Hypertension; Anemia; Bone disease (renal osteodystrophy); Cardiovascular disease; Electrolyte imbalances; Uremia; Progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or transplantation.
    • Risk Factors for Abnormal Results: Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Family history of kidney disease; Advanced age; Obesity; Smoking; Heavy alcohol use; Chronic glomerulonephritis; Autoimmune diseases; Prolonged use of nephrotoxic medications (aminoglycosides, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors in certain populations).
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Initial Follow-up Tests (when creatinine is elevated): Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN); Cystatin C (more accurate GFR estimation); Urinalysis with microscopy; Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR); Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate); Phosphorus and calcium levels.
    • Further Investigations: Renal ultrasound (assess kidney size, structure, obstruction); Doppler ultrasound (evaluate renal blood flow); CT or MRI (for complex cases); Renal biopsy (if glomerulonephritis is suspected); Blood cultures (if infection suspected); Renal function panel serial measurements.
    • Monitoring Frequency: CKD Stage 1-2: Annually; CKD Stage 3a: Annually to twice yearly; CKD Stage 3b: Twice yearly; CKD Stage 4-5: Three to four times yearly or as clinically indicated.
    • Complementary Tests: Complete blood count (CBC) for anemia; Lipid panel (cardiovascular risk); Glucose/HbA1c (diabetes assessment); Liver function tests; Blood pressure monitoring; 24-hour urine collection for protein and creatinine clearance; Immunological tests (for autoimmune kidney disease).
    • Specialist Referral: Nephrology consultation recommended when eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m², rapid decline in kidney function, presence of proteinuria, or complex renal pathology.
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Status: No - Fasting is NOT required for serum creatinine measurement. This is a non-fasting test that can be performed at any time of day.
    • Sample Collection: A simple blood draw (venipuncture) from the arm into a serum separator tube (SST) or standard collection tube. No special timing relative to meals is necessary.
    • Patient Preparation: No special preparation is needed. Patient may eat and drink normally. Light, comfortable clothing that allows easy access to the arm is recommended.
    • Medications: Continue all regular medications unless specifically instructed otherwise by the physician. Inform the healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, and herbal products being taken, as some may affect kidney function or creatinine levels.
    • Hydration and Activity: Maintain normal hydration status. Avoid excessive exercise or strenuous activity for 24 hours before the test, as intense exercise can temporarily elevate creatinine levels. Remain seated for 5 minutes before blood draw if possible.
    • Additional Considerations: Inform the phlebotomist if you are on dialysis. Avoid smoking for 30 minutes before the test. Allow proper time for blood work if multiple tests are ordered. Results may be available within 1-2 business days.

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