Single FT - Medium Biopsy 1-3 cm

Biopsy

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Single FT - Medium Biopsy 1-3 cm: Comprehensive Medical Test Guide

Why is it done?
- Test measures or detects: This test involves the collection and histopathological examination of a tissue specimen measuring 1-3 cm in size obtained through a minimally invasive biopsy procedure (Fine Needle or similar technique). The specimen is analyzed to identify cellular abnormalities, malignant changes, infectious agents, inflammatory conditions, or other pathological findings.
- Primary indications: Diagnosis of suspicious nodules or masses in thyroid, breast, lung, or other accessible tissues; evaluation of palpable lumps; assessment of lymph node abnormalities; investigation of recurrent or persistent lesions; staging of malignancies; confirmation of clinical or imaging findings.
- Typical timing and circumstances: When imaging studies (ultrasound, CT, MRI) reveal suspicious features; following inconclusive fine needle aspiration results; during workup of unexplained masses; as part of cancer screening protocols; when tissue diagnosis is needed for treatment planning; when less invasive sampling proves nondiagnostic.
Normal Range
- Normal/reference findings: Benign tissue architecture with normal cellular organization; absence of malignant cells; normal inflammatory response (if present); lack of infectious organisms; intact basement membrane; appropriate cellular maturation; normal nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio; absence of atypia.
- Interpretation framework: Negative/benign results indicate absence of malignancy or significant pathology; positive/abnormal results indicate presence of malignancy, specific infectious agents, or significant inflammatory changes; borderline or atypical findings may require repeat sampling or additional diagnostic procedures.
- Units of measurement: Histopathological classification using standardized nomenclature (benign, malignant, atypical); descriptive reporting of tissue type, cellular characteristics, and architectural patterns; use of grading systems (Bethesda System, Gleason Score, or Nottingham Histologic Grade as applicable).
- Interpretation of results: Normal results confirm benign nature of lesion and may preclude need for surgical intervention; abnormal results guide treatment decisions, surgical planning, chemotherapy protocols, or monitoring schedules based on specific diagnosis.
Interpretation
- Benign findings: Indicate normal tissue, inflammatory conditions, infection, or non-malignant pathology; typically require reassurance and possible follow-up imaging; may necessitate treatment if infectious or inflammatory cause identified.
- Malignant findings: Indicate cancer present; specific histologic type determines prognosis and treatment options; grade and stage information guides therapeutic decisions; may require additional imaging or staging studies.
- Atypical/uncertain findings: Indicate cellular abnormalities not clearly benign or malignant; require correlation with clinical and imaging findings; often necessitate repeat biopsy, close follow-up, or specialist consultation; intermediate risk for malignancy.
- Factors affecting interpretation: Specimen adequacy and cellularity; tissue fixation and processing quality; presence of crush artifact or necrosis; patient history of prior radiation or chemotherapy; immunohistochemical or molecular findings when performed; clinical context and imaging correlation.
- Clinical significance: Direct impact on treatment planning and prognosis; may eliminate need for exploratory surgery; identifies specific malignancy type for targeted therapy; establishes baseline for molecular testing; determines surveillance intervals and follow-up strategies.
Associated Organs
- Primary organ systems: Thyroid gland (most common application); breast tissue; lung; lymph nodes (cervical, mediastinal, abdominal); pancreas; liver; adrenal glands; salivary glands; parathyroid glands; soft tissue masses.
- Common diagnoses with abnormal results: Thyroid cancer (papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic); breast cancer (ductal, lobular); lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell); lymphoma; metastatic disease; infections (tuberculosis, fungal); inflammatory conditions (sarcoidosis, autoimmune thyroiditis).
- Diseases this test helps diagnose: Primary malignancies; secondary/metastatic cancers; lymphoproliferative disorders; benign neoplasms; infectious processes; autoimmune disorders; endocrine abnormalities; granulomatous diseases.
- Potential complications and risks of abnormal findings: Spread of malignancy if inadequately treated; metastatic progression if diagnosis delayed; systemic effects of advanced cancer; organ dysfunction from disease involvement; need for extensive surgical intervention; requirement for chemotherapy or radiation with associated toxicity; compromised prognosis with late-stage diagnosis.
Follow-up Tests
- Based on benign results: Ultrasound follow-up at 6-12 months to document stability; repeat ultrasound at 12, 24, and 36 months if initially concerning features; discharge from follow-up if completely reassuring; clinical examination at routine intervals.
- Based on malignant results: Staging studies (CT, MRI, PET-CT) as appropriate for cancer type; lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy; tumor marker studies (TSH, calcitonin, CEA, PSA, HER2 as applicable); molecular testing (BRAF V600E, RET/PTC, molecular profiling); oncology consultation; surgical planning.
- Based on atypical/uncertain results: Repeat fine needle aspiration or core biopsy; imaging-guided biopsy with larger gauge needle; endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy; diagnostic imaging re-evaluation; multidisciplinary tumor board review; diagnostic excision; short-interval follow-up imaging (4-12 weeks).
- Monitoring frequency for ongoing conditions: Post-treatment surveillance per cancer-specific protocols (typically every 3-6 months for first 2-3 years); annual physical examination and imaging; tumor marker monitoring; functional imaging (PET-CT) at intervals determined by cancer stage; thyroid function tests if thyroid involved.
- Complementary and related tests: Immunohistochemistry for tumor markers; flow cytometry for lymphoproliferative disorders; cytogenetics or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for specific malignancies; PCR for infectious agents or molecular rearrangements; culture studies if infection suspected; electron microscopy in specialized cases.
Fasting Required?
- Fasting requirement: Not typically required for most biopsies, though fasting may be recommended if procedure will be performed under general anesthesia or conscious sedation (typically 6-8 hours prior); specific fasting requirements depend on anesthesia type.
- Duration and special instructions: If general anesthesia: Nothing by mouth (NPO) for at least 6 hours before procedure; clear liquids permitted up to 2-4 hours before; check with anesthesiologist for specific guidelines; if conscious sedation: NPO 2-4 hours before; if local anesthesia only: No fasting necessary.
- Medications to avoid: Discontinue antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) 3-7 days prior (consult physician regarding cardiac stent status); hold anticoagulants (warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants) as directed by interventionist (typically 3-5 days); NSAIDs should be stopped 3-5 days before; continue essential cardiac and neurologic medications unless otherwise instructed.
- Other patient preparation requirements: Report to imaging center 15-30 minutes early; bring photo identification and insurance documentation; sign informed consent; change into hospital gown; empty bladder before procedure; remove all metal objects and jewelry; arrange for transportation after procedure if sedation used; wear comfortable clothing; report current medications and allergies; inform provider of pregnancy if applicable.

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