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Space-occupying lesions Biopsy

Biopsy
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Report in 240Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

Biopsy of tumor/mass.

₹370₹529

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Space-Occupying Lesions Biopsy

  • Why is it done?
    • To obtain tissue samples from abnormal masses or lesions detected on imaging studies (CT, MRI, ultrasound, or X-ray) to determine their pathological nature
    • To differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, including tumors, cysts, infections, and inflammatory conditions
    • To establish a definitive diagnosis for treatment planning and prognosis determination
    • To identify the specific type of cancer or pathological process when malignancy is suspected
    • Performed when imaging findings are inconclusive or when there is clinical suspicion of serious pathology despite normal imaging
  • Normal Range
    • Normal Result: Benign tissue without evidence of malignancy, infection, or significant inflammation. Histopathological findings show normal cellular architecture and morphology appropriate to the organ or tissue of origin.
    • Benign Lesions: Include cysts, lipomas, fibromas, adenomas, hemangiomas, and other non-malignant growths that do not threaten organ function or life
    • There are no quantitative numeric values; results are qualitative and based on microscopic examination and pathological classification
    • Interpretation: Normal = Benign pathology with no concerning features; Abnormal = Malignant cells, dysplasia, infection, or other significant pathological processes present
  • Interpretation
    • Malignant Result: Presence of cancer cells with abnormal morphology, increased mitotic activity, and loss of normal cellular differentiation. Specific cancer type and grade are reported for treatment planning (e.g., adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma)
    • Dysplasia: Presence of abnormal cells with disorderly growth patterns but not yet fully malignant; classified as low-grade or high-grade dysplasia based on severity
    • Infectious Process: Identification of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites indicating infection such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, or other pathogens
    • Inflammatory Conditions: Evidence of chronic inflammation, granulomas, or autoimmune processes affecting tissue architecture
    • Factors affecting interpretation: Prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy may cause treatment-related changes; crushed or inadequate specimens may require repeat biopsy; immunohistochemistry and molecular testing may be performed for more detailed characterization
    • Grading systems: Tumors are graded 1-4 (well to poorly differentiated); staging may be performed based on size, invasion, and metastatic potential
  • Associated Organs
    • Multiple organ systems can be affected: Brain and spinal cord (brain tumors, gliomas, meningiomas), Lungs (lung cancer, pulmonary nodules), Liver (hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic disease), Kidney and urinary tract, Pancreas, Breast, Thyroid, Lymph nodes, Soft tissues, and Bone
    • Diseases commonly diagnosed: Primary and secondary malignancies, lymphomas, sarcomas, infections (TB, fungal), cystic lesions, adenomas, metastatic cancer
    • Potential complications: Bleeding or hemorrhage, infection at biopsy site, organ perforation, pneumothorax (for lung biopsies), pancreatitis (for pancreatic biopsies), stroke risk (for intracranial biopsies), sample inadequacy requiring repeat procedure
    • Clinical significance: Provides definitive diagnosis, essential for cancer treatment decisions, guides chemotherapy, radiation, or surgical approaches, and establishes prognosis and patient survival estimates
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Immunohistochemistry (IHC): To identify specific cellular markers and confirm cell type classification for more precise diagnosis
    • Molecular and Genetic Testing: Gene expression profiling, mutation analysis (KRAS, TP53, EGFR), HER2 testing, and chromosomal abnormalities for targeted therapy selection
    • Flow Cytometry: For hematologic malignancies and lymphomas to identify abnormal cell populations
    • Staging Studies: CT chest/abdomen/pelvis, MRI, PET-CT scan, bone scan to determine cancer extent and metastatic disease
    • Tumor Markers: PSA, CEA, CA 19-9, AFP, or other organ-specific markers for baseline and monitoring
    • Laboratory Studies: Complete blood count, metabolic panel, liver/kidney function tests prior to treatment initiation
    • Repeat imaging or biopsy: If initial biopsy is non-diagnostic or if clinical suspicion remains high despite negative results
    • Regular surveillance: For benign lesions, routine imaging follow-up at 3-6 month intervals may be recommended; for malignancies, monitoring continues during and after treatment
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: Generally NO fasting is required for the biopsy procedure itself. However, fasting may be required if the procedure is to be performed under general anesthesia (typically 6-8 hours before procedure)
    • If local anesthesia or conscious sedation is planned: Light fasting (NPO for 2-3 hours) is typically recommended
    • Medications: Continue regular medications unless specifically instructed otherwise by physician; anticoagulants (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) and NSAIDs may need to be discontinued 3-7 days before procedure to reduce bleeding risk
    • Patient preparation: Arrange transportation if conscious sedation will be used; wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing; shower or bathe the evening before if biopsy site preparation is needed
    • Pre-procedure lab work: Complete blood count and coagulation studies (PT/INR, PTT) may be ordered to assess bleeding risk
    • Special instructions: Follow specific facility protocols; sign informed consent; report any allergies, especially to anesthetic agents; inform physician of bleeding disorders or anticoagulation therapy

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