Sputum Routine
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Analysis of sputum (mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract) to assess for the presence of infection, inflammation, or abnormal cells
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🧪 What is Sputum Routine Examination?
The Sputum Routine Examination involves the microscopic and macroscopic analysis of sputum (mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract) to assess for the presence of infection, inflammation, or abnormal cells.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Diagnose respiratory infections (bacterial, fungal, or parasitic)
- Detect tuberculosis or other mycobacterial infections
- Identify malignant cells or other abnormal cells in suspected lung cancer
- Evaluate causes of chronic cough or hemoptysis
- Guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy
🔬 What is Examined?
- Macroscopic examination: Color, consistency, presence of blood or pus
- Microscopic examination:
- Cellular components: pus cells (neutrophils), epithelial cells, red blood cells
- Microorganisms: bacteria (Gram stain), fungi (KOH mount), parasites
- Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining for tuberculosis
📊 Interpretation of Results
Finding | Clinical Implication |
|---|---|
Increased pus cells | Bacterial infection |
Predominant epithelial cells | Possible sample contamination |
Presence of AFB | Tuberculosis infection |
Malignant cells detected | Possible lung cancer |
Fungal elements detected | Fungal infection |
🧠 Associated Conditions
Condition | Details |
|---|---|
Bacterial pneumonia | Infection with bacteria like Streptococcus |
Tuberculosis | Chronic mycobacterial lung infection |
Lung cancer | Malignant tumors shedding cells in sputum |
Fungal infections | Aspergillosis, candidiasis |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Sputum culture and sensitivity
- Acid-fast bacilli smear and culture
- Chest X-ray or CT scan
- Bronchoscopy and biopsy if malignancy suspected
- Complete blood count (CBC)
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Required |
|---|---|
Sputum Routine | ❌ No |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Microscopic and macroscopic examination of sputum |
Why | Diagnose infections, tuberculosis, malignancy |
Normal Result | No pus cells, no pathogens |
Abnormal Findings | Presence of bacteria, fungi, AFB, malignant cells |
Associated Conditions | Pneumonia, TB, lung cancer, fungal infections |
Follow-up Tests | Culture, AFB culture, imaging, bronchoscopy |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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