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Stool Routine

Blood
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Report in 4Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Assess for infections, malabsorption, inflammation, and other gastrointestinal disorders

₹89₹220

60% OFF

Stool Routine - Comprehensive Medical Test Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • The Stool Routine test is a comprehensive examination of fecal samples to evaluate the physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of stool to detect various gastrointestinal disorders and infections.
    • Primary Indications:
    • Investigation of persistent diarrhea or constipation
    • Detection of parasitic infections (helminths, protozoa)
    • Diagnosis of bacterial or viral gastrointestinal infections
    • Evaluation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
    • Assessment of malabsorption syndromes
    • Detection of occult blood or presence of blood in stool
    • Abdominal pain, bloating, or cramping evaluation
    • Typical Timing:
    • Ordered during acute gastrointestinal symptoms
    • As part of routine screening in endemic areas for parasites
    • During monitoring of chronic gastrointestinal diseases
  • Normal Range
    • Physical Characteristics:
    • Color: Brown (ranging from light to dark brown)
    • Consistency: Formed, semi-solid (Bristol Stool Scale Type 3-4)
    • Odor: Normal fecal odor
    • Texture: Homogeneous without visible mucus
    • Chemical Analysis:
    • Occult Blood: Negative/Not detected
    • Reducing Substances: Negative/Trace only
    • Starch: Negative/Absent
    • Fat: Less than 7g/24 hours or 1-2 neutral fat globules per field
    • Microscopic Findings:
    • Parasites: Absent/Negative
    • Ova and Cysts: Absent/Negative
    • Red Blood Cells (RBCs): 0-2 per low power field (lpf)
    • White Blood Cells (WBCs): 0-5 per lpf
    • Bacteria: Normal fecal flora (not pathogenic)
    • Muscle Fibers: Few/Absent
    • Plant Cells: May be present
  • Interpretation
    • Abnormal Color:
    • Pale/Yellow: Suggests fat malabsorption, liver disease, or rapid intestinal transit
    • Black/Tarry: Indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding or iron supplementation
    • Red/Bright Red: Suggests lower gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhoids, or fissures
    • Greenish: May indicate rapid transit, cholera, or certain infections
    • Abnormal Consistency:
    • Diarrhea (watery/loose): Indicates infection, inflammation, malabsorption, or transit disorders
    • Hard/Pellet-like: Suggests constipation, dehydration, or inadequate fiber intake
    • Occult Blood (Positive):
    • May indicate gastrointestinal bleeding (not visible)
    • Associated with peptic ulcers, polyps, hemorrhoids, or colorectal cancer
    • May also result from inflammatory bowel disease
    • Increased Fat (Steatorrhea):
    • Greater than 7g/24 hours or excessive fat globules
    • Indicates fat malabsorption, pancreatic insufficiency, or celiac disease
    • Parasites and Ova (Positive):
    • Helminths: Roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms
    • Protozoa: Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium
    • Elevated RBCs and WBCs:
    • Greater than 2 RBC or 5 WBC per lpf suggests inflammation or infection
    • Associated with inflammatory bowel disease, dysentery, or invasive infections
    • Muscle Fibers Present (Increased):
    • Indicates incomplete protein digestion or rapid transit
    • Abnormal Odor:
    • Foul/Strong odor: May indicate bacterial overgrowth, malabsorption, or infection
    • Factors Affecting Results:
    • Diet composition (high fat, high protein)
    • Medications (antibiotics, laxatives, iron supplements)
    • Recent barium procedures interfering with microscopy
    • Sample collection time (parasites may be intermittently shed)
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System:
    • Gastrointestinal (GI) tract: Small intestine, large intestine/colon, rectum
    • Liver: Bile production and metabolism
    • Pancreas: Digestive enzyme production
    • Conditions Commonly Associated with Abnormal Results:
    • Infectious Diseases:
    • • Parasitic infections (helminthiasis, giardiasis, amebiasis)
    • • Bacterial infections (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli)
    • • Viral infections (Rotavirus, Norovirus, Coronavirus)
    • Inflammatory Conditions:
    • • Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
    • • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
    • • Celiac disease
    • Malabsorption Syndromes:
    • • Pancreatic insufficiency
    • • Bile acid malabsorption
    • • Post-surgical changes (gastrectomy, bypasses)
    • Bleeding Disorders:
    • • Peptic ulcers
    • • Gastroesophageal varices
    • • Hemorrhoids
    • • Anal fissures
    • • Colorectal cancer
    • • Polyps
    • Motility Disorders:
    • • Constipation
    • • Diarrhea (acute or chronic)
    • Potential Complications from Abnormal Results:
    • Dehydration from severe diarrhea or chronic bleeding
    • Anemia from chronic blood loss
    • Malnutrition from chronic malabsorption
    • Spread of infection if parasitic infestation untreated
    • Toxic megacolon in severe inflammatory bowel disease
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Based on Parasitic Findings:
    • Repeat stool examinations (3-5 samples over 2-3 weeks) for parasites
    • Stool antigen testing (ELISA) for specific parasites
    • Serology (blood tests) for parasite antibodies
    • Based on Infection Findings:
    • Stool culture for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility
    • Stool PCR for viral pathogens (Rotavirus, Norovirus)
    • Clostridium difficile toxin assay if antibiotic-associated diarrhea suspected
    • Based on Occult Blood Findings:
    • Upper endoscopy (EGD) to evaluate for peptic ulcers, gastritis
    • Colonoscopy to screen for polyps, tumors, inflammatory lesions
    • Complete blood count (CBC) to assess for anemia
    • Iron studies if chronic bleeding suspected
    • Based on Inflammatory Markers:
    • Fecal calprotectin (elevated in IBD and infections)
    • Inflammatory markers: CRP, ESR (blood tests)
    • Tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA) for celiac disease screening
    • Based on Steatorrhea Findings:
    • 24-hour fecal fat test for quantification
    • Pancreatic function tests (fecal chymotrypsin, pancreatic enzymes)
    • Imaging: Abdominal ultrasound or CT scan to assess pancreas
    • Fecal elastase-1 for pancreatic insufficiency
    • Other Complementary Tests:
    • Comprehensive metabolic panel (to assess nutritional status)
    • Liver function tests
    • Hydrogen breath test for lactose intolerance or SIBO
    • Imaging studies: Abdominal ultrasound, CT, MRI as clinically indicated
    • Monitoring Frequency:
    • Acute infections: May repeat after appropriate treatment completion
    • Chronic conditions (IBD): Regular monitoring based on clinical status
    • Parasitic infections: May require repeat samples at 1-2 weeks post-treatment
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: No
    • Fasting is NOT required for stool routine examination.
    • Patient Preparation Instructions:
    • Collect fresh stool sample in a clean, dry container provided by the laboratory
    • For routine exam: Collect 30-50g (walnut-sized amount) of stool
    • For parasite screening: May require multiple collections (3-5 samples)
    • Avoid contamination with urine, water, or other substances
    • Use toilet paper to defecate, then collect sample from toilet bowl using the provided applicator
    • Collect samples from different areas of the stool
    • Transfer to container and cap tightly
    • Label with patient name, date, and time of collection
    • Deliver to laboratory within 1-2 hours if possible (or store appropriately)
    • Medications to Avoid/Consider:
    • Avoid or Stop Before Collection:
    • Antimotility agents (loperamide/Imodium) for 3-5 days before sample collection
    • Mineral oil, bismuth compounds (Pepto-Bismol) for 3-5 days before collection
    • Barium from radiographic procedures for 5-7 days before collection
    • Antibiotics if possible (after treatment completion) if testing for infections
    • Excess laxatives or stool softeners unless specifically indicated
    • Medications That May Affect Results:
    • Iron supplements: May cause dark/black stool (false positive for blood)
    • NSAIDs: May increase risk of GI bleeding
    • Antacids: May affect test results if containing bismuth
    • Pancreatic enzyme supplements: Decrease apparent steatorrhea
    • Diet Considerations:
    • No specific dietary restrictions
    • For fat testing: May need to eat controlled diet 48-72 hours before collection (consult laboratory)
    • Avoid red-colored foods (beets, red dye) for blood testing
    • Timing of Sample Collection:
    • Morning sample is preferred (more concentrated)
    • Can be collected anytime during the day if necessary
    • Do NOT collect over consecutive days for routine exam

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