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Strontium
Hormone/ Element
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No Fasting Required
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Detects strontium exposure.
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Strontium Test Information Guide
- Why is it done?
- Measures serum or urinary strontium levels to detect occupational or environmental exposure to this chemical element
- Assesses potential toxicity from strontium-85 or strontium-89 (radioactive forms used in medical imaging) exposure
- Evaluates exposure from dietary intake, particularly in populations consuming contaminated food or water sources
- Investigates potential bioaccumulation in individuals near nuclear facilities, mining operations, or contaminated environmental sites
- Monitors health outcomes in individuals exposed to strontium-90 from nuclear accidents or weapons testing fallout
- Assesses bone and metabolic effects from chronic strontium exposure
- Normal Range
- Serum Strontium: Typically 0.5-2.0 mg/L (milligrams per liter) or 5.7-22.8 µmol/L (micromoles per liter) depending on reference laboratory
- Urinary Strontium: Generally < 5.0 µg/L (micrograms per liter) in 24-hour urine collection
- Interpretation: Normal values indicate no significant strontium accumulation or exposure. Values within normal range reflect baseline environmental and dietary exposure.
- Elevated Levels: Indicate potential occupational exposure, environmental contamination, or excessive dietary intake. Exact threshold varies by clinical context and laboratory methodology.
- Units of Measurement: mg/L (milligrams per liter), µmol/L (micromoles per liter), or µg/L (micrograms per liter) depending on specimen type and analytical method
- Interpretation
- Low/Normal Levels: Suggest minimal or acceptable strontium exposure. No clinical concern indicated. Consistent with general population baseline levels.
- Mildly Elevated Levels: May indicate occupational exposure in industrial settings (glass manufacturing, pyrotechnics, welding). Warrants exposure assessment and workplace evaluation.
- Significantly Elevated Levels: Indicate substantial exposure or bioaccumulation. Risk of toxicity increases with duration and intensity of exposure. May suggest radioactive strontium contamination requiring urgent intervention.
- Factors Affecting Results: Occupational exposure history, geographic location (proximity to industrial sites or nuclear facilities), dietary habits, water source contamination, duration of residence in contaminated areas, bone metabolism status, calcium and vitamin D levels, and analytical methodology.
- Clinical Significance: Chronic exposure can lead to skeletal fluorosis-like changes, altered bone metabolism, and potential carcinogenic effects with radioactive isotopes. Results guide occupational health interventions, environmental remediation efforts, and medical monitoring protocols.
- Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems Affected: Skeletal system (bone accumulation similar to calcium), respiratory system (if inhaled), gastrointestinal tract (primary absorption route), kidneys (elimination pathway)
- Associated Medical Conditions: Occupational lung disease, chronic kidney disease, bone metabolism disorders, abnormal mineral deposition in bone tissue, potential increased cancer risk with radioactive isotopes (especially bone cancer, leukemia), metabolic skeletal disease
- Diseases Diagnosed/Monitored: Strontium exposure toxicity, occupational health hazards (in glass, pyrotechnics, and welding industries), radiation contamination effects, environmental exposure from nuclear incidents, bioaccumulation disorders, metabolic bone disease secondary to strontium
- Potential Complications: Skeletal fluorosis-like bone changes, reduced bone quality despite increased density, impaired renal function from chronic exposure, increased fracture risk in chronic toxicity, radiation-induced malignancy with radioactive isotopes, respiratory damage from inhalation exposure, thyroid dysfunction (if concurrent iodine contamination in nuclear accidents)
- Follow-up Tests
- Recommended Additional Tests: Serum calcium and phosphate levels, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, renal function tests (creatinine, BUN)
- Further Imaging/Investigation: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for bone density assessment, chest X-ray if occupational inhalation exposure suspected, skeletal surveys if osteosclerosis suspected, radioactive strontium imaging if nuclear contamination possible
- Monitoring Frequency: For occupational exposure: Annual screening. For contamination incidents: Initial assessment followed by 3-6 month intervals until levels normalize. For chronic exposure monitoring: Every 6-12 months depending on exposure level and clinical status.
- Complementary Tests: Other heavy metal screening (lead, cadmium, barium), thyroid function tests, complete blood count, liver function tests, occupational health assessment, genetic markers for metal sensitivity
- Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: No - Fasting is not required for strontium testing. Blood can be collected at any time of day without dietary restriction.
- Sample Collection Requirements: For serum testing: Standard venipuncture with appropriate collection tube (typically serum separator tube). For 24-hour urine collection: Collect all urine over 24 hours in provided container; begin collection in morning and end collection same time next morning.
- Medications to Avoid/Report: No specific medications require discontinuation. However, report use of strontium-containing supplements (strontium ranelate or strontium gluconate), calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, and hormone replacement therapy, as these may affect strontium metabolism and interpretation.
- Patient Preparation Instructions: No special preparation needed for serum collection. For 24-hour urine collection: Maintain normal dietary and fluid intake unless otherwise instructed; avoid excessive strontium-containing foods (nuts, whole grains, legumes) the day before if accurate baseline assessment desired; report any medical conditions affecting kidney function.
- Additional Considerations: Timing of collection should consider occupational exposure history (samples collected mid-week may be optimal for occupational exposure assessment). Inform laboratory of clinical indication and exposure history for appropriate interpretation. For 24-hour urine studies, ensure accurate collection times. Storage and handling per laboratory specifications to prevent contamination.
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