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Super Advanced - Kidney Profile

Kidney

15 parameters

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Report in 4Hrs

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At Home

nofastingrequire

No Fasting Required

Details

Serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes.

₹1,649₹2,450

33% OFF

Parameters

  • List of Tests
    • BUN
    • Calcium
    • Creatinine
    • Uric Acid
    • eGFR
    • Na
    • K
    • Cl
    • BUN/Creatinine
    • Urea
    • Albumin
    • Phosphorous
    • Total Protein
    • Globulin
    • A/G Ratio

Super Advanced - Kidney Profile

  • Why is it done?
    • Comprehensive assessment of kidney function and filtration capacity through measurement of BUN, Creatinine, and eGFR to detect renal disease at early stages
    • Evaluation of electrolyte balance (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride) which is critical for nerve and muscle function, and is directly regulated by kidney function
    • Assessment of bone health markers (Calcium and Phosphorous) as kidneys regulate their metabolism and abnormal levels indicate renal dysfunction
    • Measurement of protein metabolism (Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, and A/G Ratio) as kidneys filter and regulate proteinuria
    • Evaluation of uric acid metabolism to identify gout risk, kidney stones, and chronic kidney disease progression
    • Monitoring patients with diabetes, hypertension, or family history of kidney disease
    • Follow-up after kidney disease diagnosis or during treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
    • Pre-operative assessment before major surgery or renal function evaluation before nephrotoxic drug administration
    • Assessment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients through rapid changes in BUN and Creatinine levels
    • Evaluation of medication-induced kidney damage or nephrogenic side effects from medications like ACE inhibitors or NSAIDs
  • Normal Range
    • BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): 7-20 mg/dL or 2.5-7.1 mmol/L - measures kidney's ability to filter urea waste
    • Creatinine: 0.7-1.3 mg/dL (males) or 0.6-1.1 mg/dL (females) or 62-115 μmol/L - indicator of kidney function
    • eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate): >60 mL/min/1.73m² - measures overall kidney filtration function with values ≥90 considered normal
    • Uric Acid: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL (males) or 2.6-6.0 mg/dL (females) or 208-428 μmol/L (males) or 155-357 μmol/L (females)
    • BUN/Creatinine Ratio: 10:1 to 20:1 (normal ratio is approximately 10-20) - helps differentiate types of kidney dysfunction
    • Urea: 2.5-7.1 mmol/L or 7-20 mg/dL - same measurement as BUN, alternative reporting method
    • Sodium (Na): 135-145 mEq/L or mmol/L - essential for fluid balance and nerve transmission
    • Potassium (K): 3.5-5.0 mEq/L or mmol/L - critical for heart rhythm and muscle function
    • Chloride (Cl): 96-106 mEq/L or mmol/L - important electrolyte for acid-base balance
    • Calcium: 8.5-10.2 mg/dL or 2.12-2.55 mmol/L - essential for bone health and kidney regulation
    • Phosphorous: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL or 0.81-1.45 mmol/L - regulated by kidneys and important for bone metabolism
    • Total Protein: 6.0-8.3 g/dL or 60-83 g/L - indicator of protein metabolism and kidney filtration
    • Albumin: 3.4-5.4 g/dL or 34-54 g/L - marker of liver and kidney function; decreased in kidney disease
    • Globulin: 2.0-3.5 g/dL or 20-35 g/L - calculated as Total Protein minus Albumin
    • A/G Ratio (Albumin/Globulin Ratio): 1.0-2.5 - reflects protein composition and kidney disease status
  • Interpretation
    • BUN - Elevated levels (>20 mg/dL) suggest reduced kidney function, dehydration, high protein diet, or urinary obstruction; Low levels (<7 mg/dL) may indicate liver disease or overhydration
    • Creatinine - Elevated levels indicate reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney dysfunction; values >1.5 mg/dL warrant investigation; levels vary by age, gender, and muscle mass
    • eGFR - >90: Normal kidney function; 60-89: Mild decrease in kidney function; 30-59: Moderate CKD; 15-29: Severe CKD; <15: Kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant
    • Uric Acid - Elevated levels (>7.2 mg/dL in males) indicate hyperuricemia, risk for gout, kidney stones, or impaired renal excretion; low levels suggest liver disease or xanthine oxidase deficiency
    • BUN/Creatinine Ratio - Elevated ratio (>20:1) suggests prerenal azotemia or dehydration; Low ratio (<10:1) indicates intrinsic kidney disease or liver disease; helps differentiate type of renal dysfunction
    • Sodium - Hypernatremia (>145 mEq/L) indicates dehydration or excess sodium; Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) suggests dilution from excess water or kidney dysfunction; affects fluid balance and nerve function
    • Potassium - Hyperkalemia (>5.0 mEq/L) causes serious cardiac arrhythmias and is common in CKD; Hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L) causes muscle weakness; kidneys regulate 90% of potassium excretion
    • Chloride - Hyperchloremia (>106 mEq/L) suggests dehydration or kidney dysfunction; Hypochloremia (<96 mEq/L) indicates metabolic alkalosis or kidney disease; works with sodium for acid-base balance
    • Calcium - Hypercalcemia (>10.2 mg/dL) occurs in kidney disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism; Hypocalcemia (<8.5 mg/dL) indicates vitamin D deficiency or impaired kidney activation of vitamin D
    • Phosphorous - Elevated levels (>4.5 mg/dL) indicate impaired kidney excretion and secondary hyperparathyroidism; Low levels suggest malnutrition or vitamin D deficiency; kidney dysfunction impairs phosphate excretion
    • Total Protein - Reduced levels suggest protein malnutrition, liver disease, or proteinuria from kidney dysfunction; elevated levels indicate dehydration or multiple myeloma
    • Albumin - Low albumin (<3.4 g/dL) indicates nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria, malnutrition, or liver disease; low levels correlate with kidney disease severity and prognosis
    • Globulin - Elevated levels may suggest chronic kidney disease with immune dysfunction or multiple myeloma; Low levels indicate immunodeficiency; increased ratio in CKD
    • A/G Ratio - Decreased ratio (<1.0) indicates elevated globulins or low albumin seen in chronic kidney disease and nephrotic syndrome; elevated ratio (>2.5) suggests albumin predominance
  • Associated Organs
    • BUN and Creatinine - Primary kidney function markers; detect glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), and renal failure
    • eGFR - Gold standard for assessing kidney filtration function; identifies CKD stages and determines medication dosing; correlates with kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk
    • Sodium, Potassium, Chloride - Electrolytes regulated by kidneys; abnormalities cause cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, muscle weakness, and neurological complications
    • Calcium and Phosphorous - Kidney activates vitamin D and regulates calcium-phosphate metabolism; abnormalities cause secondary hyperparathyroidism, bone disease, and vascular calcification in CKD
    • Uric Acid - Accumulates when kidneys cannot excrete; elevated levels cause gout, kidney stones, and may accelerate CKD progression
    • Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, A/G Ratio - Reflects kidney's glomerular filtration barrier; proteinuria (excessive urinary protein) indicates kidney damage; Nephrotic syndrome shows low albumin
    • BUN/Creatinine Ratio - Helps distinguish prerenal causes (affecting blood flow to kidneys) from intrinsic kidney disease
    • Secondary complications - Kidney disease leads to hypertension (via salt and water retention), cardiovascular disease (from electrolyte imbalance), bone disease, anemia, and metabolic acidosis
    • Systemic disease indicators - Results indicate kidney involvement in diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis, and hypertension
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Abnormal BUN/Creatinine - Recommend urinalysis to assess for proteinuria and hematuria; 24-hour urine protein to quantify protein loss; repeat testing in 1-3 months based on severity
    • Low eGFR (<60) - Recommend ultrasound of kidneys to assess size and structure; urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR); regular monitoring every 3-6 months; nephrology referral if eGFR <30
    • Elevated Potassium - Recommend ECG to assess for cardiac arrhythmias; recheck after 1 week; dietary consultation for potassium restriction; medication review (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs)
    • Abnormal Sodium/Chloride - Recommend assessment of fluid status; plasma osmolality; urine osmolality; if symptomatic, need careful correction with IV or oral therapy
    • Abnormal Calcium/Phosphorous - Recommend parathyroid hormone (PTH); alkaline phosphatase; vitamin D (25-OH and 1,25-dihydroxy); assess for secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Elevated Uric Acid - Recommend urine uric acid; renal ultrasound to exclude stones; if symptomatic gout present, anti-inflammatory therapy; urate-lowering therapy if recurrent
    • Low Albumin - Recommend liver function tests to exclude hepatic disease; urine protein electrophoresis if nephrotic syndrome suspected; assess nutritional status
    • Abnormal A/G Ratio - Serum protein electrophoresis to identify monoclonal proteins (multiple myeloma); immunoglobulin levels; repeat kidney profile in 3 months
    • CKD Stage Determination - Recommend fasting glucose, HbA1c for diabetes screening; lipid panel for cardiovascular risk; blood pressure monitoring; repeat kidney profile every 3-12 months based on stage
    • Progressive Decline - Imaging studies (renal ultrasound or CT); consider renal biopsy if etiology unclear; evaluate for systemic disease (ANA, ANCA, complement levels); nephrology referral
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Required: NO - This kidney profile can be drawn non-fasting as most analytes are not significantly affected by food intake
    • However, fasting 8-12 hours is optionally recommended if comprehensive metabolic panel or lipid panel is ordered simultaneously
    • Patient should avoid excessive water intake immediately before testing, as this can dilute electrolyte levels and affect results
    • Medications: Continue all regular medications unless specifically instructed otherwise by physician; ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and NSAIDs can affect kidney function results
    • Medications affecting results: NSAIDs may reduce kidney function; ACE inhibitors/ARBs may lower potassium; corticosteroids may elevate glucose; diuretics affect electrolytes
    • Dietary considerations: High protein diet 24 hours before testing can artificially elevate BUN and creatinine; excessive potassium-rich foods may elevate K levels
    • Hydration status: Ensure normal hydration; severe dehydration increases BUN and creatinine; overhydration may decrease electrolyte concentrations
    • Exercise: Avoid strenuous exercise 24 hours before testing as it can elevate creatinine and uric acid levels
    • Specimen collection: Blood drawn by venipuncture into appropriate tubes; serum separator tube for most tests; ensure proper hemolysis prevention as hemolysis affects potassium
    • Timing considerations: Results may be affected by time of day; early morning collections preferred for consistency; results valid typically for 1-2 weeks

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