Testosterone
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Measures total testosterone for assessment of male hypogonadism, PCOS, and infertility.
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🧪 What is Testosterone?
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone produced mainly by the testes in men and, in smaller amounts, by the ovaries in women and the adrenal glands in both sexes. It is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, reproductive function, and influences muscle mass, bone density, and mood.
❓ Why is the Test Done?
To:
- Evaluate suspected hypogonadism or low testosterone in men (symptoms: fatigue, low libido, erectile dysfunction)
- Investigate precocious puberty or delayed puberty in boys
- Assess androgen excess in women (e.g., hirsutism, polycystic ovary syndrome)
- Monitor testosterone replacement therapy
- Evaluate infertility in both men and women
📊 Normal Range
Testosterone Level | Reference Range |
|---|---|
Adult males (total testosterone) | 300 – 1000 ng/dL (10 – 35 nmol/L) |
Adult females (total testosterone) | 15 – 70 ng/dL (0.5 – 2.5 nmol/L) |
Ranges vary by laboratory and assay methods; levels also vary with age and time of day (peak in morning).
📈 Interpretation of Results
Result | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|
Low testosterone | Hypogonadism, pituitary or testicular failure, chronic illness |
High testosterone | Androgen-secreting tumors, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), steroid abuse |
Normal testosterone | Normal androgen status |
🧠 Associated Conditions
Condition | Details |
|---|---|
Hypogonadism | Primary (testicular) or secondary (pituitary) |
Androgen excess | PCOS, adrenal or ovarian tumors |
Infertility | Low testosterone linked to decreased sperm production |
Delayed or precocious puberty | Abnormal testosterone levels in children |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Free Testosterone – bioavailable hormone fraction
- LH and FSH – evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary axis
- Prolactin – exclude prolactinoma
- Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
- Estradiol
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Required |
|---|---|
Testosterone | ❌ No |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
What | Measures total testosterone hormone level |
Why | Evaluate hypogonadism, androgen excess, puberty issues |
Normal Range | Men: 300–1000 ng/dL; Women: 15–70 ng/dL |
Low Levels | Hypogonadism, chronic illness |
High Levels | Tumors, PCOS, steroid use |
Associated Conditions | Hypogonadism, PCOS, infertility |
Follow-up Tests | Free testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin, SHBG |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
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