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Thigh mass - Large Biopsy 3-6 cm

Biopsy
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Biopsy of thigh tumor/mass.

₹666₹951

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Thigh Mass - Large Biopsy 3-6 cm

  • Why is it done?
    • To obtain tissue diagnosis of a thigh mass measuring 3-6 cm that requires histopathological examination
    • To differentiate between benign and malignant soft tissue lesions of the thigh
    • To identify the specific tumor type and grade when malignancy is suspected
    • When imaging studies (ultrasound, MRI, or CT) show an indeterminate lesion requiring tissue confirmation
    • To guide treatment planning and prognostic assessment for confirmed soft tissue neoplasms
    • When clinical examination reveals a persistent, enlarging, or symptomatic mass in the thigh
  • Normal Range
    • Negative/Normal Result: Benign tissue histology with no evidence of malignancy, abnormal cellular proliferation, or infectious/inflammatory pathology
    • Positive/Abnormal Result: Histological findings consistent with malignancy, specific tumor classification, or significant pathological abnormalities
    • Tissue Categories: Specimen adequacy is assessed; adequate tissue is required for accurate diagnosis
    • Reporting Units: Descriptive histopathological diagnosis with tumor grade (for sarcomas: Grade 1-3), stage, and immunohistochemical findings when applicable
  • Interpretation
    • Benign Findings: Lipoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, or other non-malignant soft tissue tumor; typically requires no urgent intervention but may need monitoring or surgical removal for symptomatic relief
    • Low-Grade Malignancy: Grade 1 soft tissue sarcoma or low-grade lymphoma; slower growth rate with better prognosis; requires surgical resection and may need adjuvant therapy
    • Intermediate-Grade Malignancy: Grade 2 sarcoma with moderate cellularity and mitotic activity; requires aggressive surgical management and likely adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation
    • High-Grade Malignancy: Grade 3 sarcoma with significant cellular atypia, high mitotic rate, and necrosis; aggressive tumor requiring multimodal therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation) and close follow-up
    • Specific Tumor Types: Liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or other defined entities require specific staging and treatment protocols
    • Specimen Adequacy Issues: Insufficient tissue may require repeat biopsy; necrotic material without representative tumor may yield non-diagnostic results
    • Molecular/Genetic Findings: Presence of specific translocations (t(9;22) in synovial sarcoma, t(11;22) in Ewing sarcoma) supports diagnosis and may have prognostic significance
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Musculoskeletal system (soft tissue of the thigh, including muscle, fat, connective tissue, and associated structures)
    • Associated Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Liposarcoma (most common), leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
    • Associated Benign Conditions: Lipomas, hemangiomas, neurofibromas, ganglion cysts, and lymphoid hyperplasia
    • Potential Metastatic Sites: Lungs (most common), liver, bone, lymph nodes, and brain for malignant thigh masses
    • Regional Lymph Node Involvement: Inguinal lymph nodes may be involved in high-grade malignancies; assessment required for staging
    • Vascular and Neurological Complications: Large masses may compress femoral vessels or sciatic/femoral nerves, causing vascular compromise or neurological deficit
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Staging Imaging: Chest CT, abdominal/pelvic CT, or PET-CT to detect metastatic disease in patients with malignancy
    • Advanced MRI: High-resolution MRI of thigh with contrast for better definition of tumor margins and relationship to surrounding structures prior to surgical resection
    • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Molecular Studies: Cytogenetic analysis and FISH studies for specific translocations to confirm tumor type and refine diagnosis
    • Surgical Consultation: Orthopedic surgery or surgical oncology evaluation for treatment planning and wide local excision
    • Oncology Consultation: Medical oncology for chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and systemic treatment planning in malignant cases
    • Serial Imaging Follow-up: Repeat MRI at 3-4 months post-diagnosis, then every 6-12 months for surveillance of recurrent disease
    • Baseline Cardiac Function: Echocardiography or MUGA scan if chemotherapy (especially anthracyclines) is anticipated
    • Pulmonary Function Testing: Baseline assessment if radiation therapy to the thigh is planned
    • Repeat Biopsy: If initial biopsy specimen is inadequate, non-diagnostic, or if clinical suspicion remains high
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: No fasting required
    • Anesthesia Consideration: If local anesthesia is used, standard pre-procedural preparations apply; if general anesthesia is planned, NPO (nothing by mouth) for 6-8 hours prior to procedure
    • Medications: Discontinue anticoagulants (warfarin, NOACs) 3-5 days before procedure; discontinue antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) 5-7 days prior if possible; discuss with physician regarding continuation of essential medications
    • Pre-Procedure Preparation: Arrange for procedural imaging (ultrasound or CT guidance); wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing; arrange transportation if sedation is anticipated
    • Baseline Laboratory Tests: Complete blood count (CBC), coagulation profile (PT/INR, PTT) to assess hemostasis prior to tissue sampling
    • Post-Procedure Care: Keep biopsy site clean and dry; apply pressure dressing for 24-48 hours; avoid strenuous activity for 1 week; monitor for infection, excessive bleeding, or hematoma formation

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