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Tonsils - Large Biopsy 3-6 cm

Biopsy
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Report in 288Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

Tissue biopsy of tonsils.

₹666₹951

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Tonsils - Large Biopsy 3-6 cm

  • Why is it done?
    • Diagnoses malignant or benign tonsillar lesions, including squamous cell carcinoma, lymphomas, and other neoplastic conditions
    • Evaluates persistent or enlarging unilateral tonsillar masses that are suspicious for malignancy
    • Assesses asymmetric tonsillar enlargement or masses with concerning clinical features
    • Investigates tonsillar lesions that do not respond to conservative treatment or have ulcerated surfaces
    • Determines histopathological diagnosis when imaging findings suggest possible malignancy
    • Performed when tonsillar specimens measure 3-6 cm, requiring adequate tissue sampling for comprehensive pathological examination
  • Normal Range
    • Normal/Negative Result: Benign lymphoid tissue consistent with reactive changes, hyperplasia, or non-neoplastic inflammation with no evidence of malignancy
    • Specimen Adequacy: Adequate tissue for diagnostic interpretation with proper fixation and histological sections
    • Units of Measurement: Specimen size 3-6 cm; histopathological findings reported descriptively with cell types, architectural patterns, and presence/absence of dysplasia or malignancy
    • Interpretation of Results: Normal findings exclude malignancy and support benign diagnosis; abnormal findings indicate neoplastic disease requiring staging and treatment planning
  • Interpretation
    • Benign Findings: Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, benign cysts, or infectious processes indicating no malignant transformation
    • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Most common malignancy; graded by differentiation level (well, moderately, or poorly differentiated) with assessment of depth of invasion
    • Lymphoma: Primary or secondary lymphoid malignancy requiring classification as Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin type with specific subtype determination
    • Dysplasia: Graded as mild, moderate, or severe; indicates precancerous changes requiring close follow-up or potential intervention
    • HPV-Associated Findings: Detection of human papillomavirus influences prognosis and treatment decisions, particularly in oropharyngeal carcinomas
    • Factors Affecting Results: Specimen quality, fixation time, tissue sampling location, presence of artifact, and adequate tissue depth all influence diagnostic accuracy
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ System: Waldeyer's ring (oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue); part of the immune system with connections to respiratory and digestive tracts
    • Associated Conditions: Oropharyngeal cancer, lymphomas, reactive hyperplasia, chronic tonsillitis, obstructive sleep apnea (benign enlargement), and secondary malignancies
    • Diagnostic Applications: Determines histopathological diagnosis essential for cancer staging, treatment selection, prognostic assessment, and surveillance planning
    • Potential Complications: Tonsillar bleeding, infection, swallowing difficulty, and airway compromise risk; advanced malignancy may involve adjacent structures including base of tongue, soft palate, and cervical lymph nodes
    • Metastatic Potential: Tonsillar malignancies commonly metastasize to cervical lymph nodes, and may spread to distant sites including lungs and liver
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Imaging Studies: CT or MRI of head and neck for staging, assessment of tumor extent, nodal involvement, and evaluation of distant metastases
    • Additional Pathological Studies: HPV testing, immunohistochemistry, molecular studies, or flow cytometry to refine diagnosis and determine treatment options
    • Staging Procedures: Chest CT or PET-CT to detect distant metastases; endoscopic evaluation of other Waldeyer's ring sites
    • Surveillance and Monitoring: Regular clinical examinations, imaging follow-up at 3-month intervals initially, endoscopic surveillance for recurrence detection
    • Complementary Tests: Blood work including tumor markers, CBC, renal and hepatic function; baseline audiology and swallow studies if radiation planned
    • Repeat Biopsy: May be warranted if initial biopsy non-diagnostic or if recurrence is suspected during surveillance
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting: Yes - Generally required for 6-8 hours prior to biopsy procedure if local or general anesthesia is planned
    • Fluid Intake: Nothing to eat or drink after midnight if procedure scheduled for morning; clear fluids may be permitted 2-4 hours before if local anesthesia only
    • Medications to Avoid: Hold anticoagulants (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran) 3-5 days before; hold antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) 5-7 days prior; NSAIDs discontinued 5-7 days beforehand
    • Pre-Procedure Instructions: Obtain informed consent; discuss anesthesia type with anesthesiologist; arrange for transportation home if sedation used
    • Laboratory Studies: CBC, coagulation studies (PT/INR, PTT), and blood typing may be required preoperatively depending on institutional protocol
    • Post-Procedure Care: Resume oral intake gradually with soft foods; avoid hot beverages, spicy foods, and straw use; maintain oral hygiene; contact physician if severe bleeding occurs

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