Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin,A/G ratio
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No Fasting Required
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Reflecting liver synthetic function and protein nutritional status.
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🧪 What are These Tests?
- Total Protein: Measures the combined concentration of all proteins in the blood serum, primarily albumin and globulins.
- Albumin: The most abundant plasma protein, produced by the liver, essential for maintaining oncotic pressure and transporting substances.
- Globulin: A group of proteins including antibodies, enzymes, and carrier proteins involved in immunity and other functions.
- Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio: The ratio of albumin to globulin; provides insight into the relative levels of these proteins.
❓ Why are These Tests Done?
To:
- Evaluate nutritional status and liver function
- Detect and monitor kidney diseases causing protein loss
- Diagnose and follow immune disorders and infections
- Assess inflammatory and plasma cell disorders like multiple myeloma
- Aid in differential diagnosis of various systemic conditions
📊 Normal Reference Ranges
Test | Reference Range |
|---|---|
Total Protein | 6.0 – 8.3 g/dL |
Albumin | 3.5 – 5.0 g/dL |
Globulin | 2.3 – 3.5 g/dL (calculated: Total Protein – Albumin) |
A/G Ratio | 1.0 – 2.5 |
📈 Interpretation of Results
Parameter | Low Level Causes | High Level Causes |
|---|---|---|
Total Protein | Malnutrition, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome | Chronic inflammation, multiple myeloma |
Albumin | Liver failure, malnutrition, kidney loss | Dehydration |
Globulin | Immunodeficiency | Chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, multiple myeloma |
A/G Ratio | <1 (low) – Increased globulins (inflammation, infections, multiple myeloma); Decreased albumin | >2 (high) – Rare; may indicate low globulins |
🧠 Associated Conditions
Condition | Details |
|---|---|
Liver disease | Reduced albumin synthesis |
Kidney disease | Protein loss via urine (low albumin) |
Chronic inflammation | Elevated globulins due to immune response |
Multiple myeloma | Increased abnormal globulins |
Malnutrition | Low total protein and albumin |
🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests
- Liver function tests (LFTs)
- Urine protein analysis
- Serum protein electrophoresis
- Immunoglobulin quantification
- Inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR)
✅ Fasting Required?
Test | Fasting Required |
|---|---|
Total Protein & Albumin & Globulin & A/G Ratio | ❌ No |
📝 Summary Table
Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
Total Protein | Combined serum proteins (albumin + globulin) |
Albumin | Main plasma protein, maintains oncotic pressure |
Globulin | Immune and transport proteins |
A/G Ratio | Ratio of albumin to globulin, indicates protein balance |
Normal Range | Total: 6.0–8.3 g/dL; Albumin: 3.5–5.0 g/dL; A/G: 1.0–2.5 |
Low Albumin | Liver/kidney disease, malnutrition |
High Globulin | Infection, inflammation, plasma cell disorders |
Low A/G Ratio | Suggests inflammation, infections, multiple myeloma |
Follow-up Tests | LFT, urine protein, electrophoresis, immunoglobulins |
Fasting Required | ❌ No |
How our test process works!
