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TOXOPLASMA GONDII - IgG

Immunity
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Report in 4Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

Detects IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis

₹299₹660

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Toxoplasma gondii - IgG Test Information Guide

  • Why is it done?
    • Test Purpose: Detects IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, a parasitic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis; indicates past or chronic infection with immunity
    • Pregnancy Screening: Routine screening during prenatal care to assess maternal immunity and risk of congenital transmission; typically performed in first or second trimester
    • Immunocompromised Patients: Baseline testing for HIV/AIDS patients with CD4 count <100 cells/μL to identify latent infection and monitor risk for reactivation
    • Symptom Evaluation: Diagnostic workup for patients presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy, or neurological symptoms suggestive of toxoplasmosis
    • Organ Transplant Recipients: Baseline serology prior to transplantation to guide prophylaxis decisions and monitor for reactivation post-transplant
    • Retinal or CNS Manifestations: Evaluation of chorioretinitis or encephalitis in immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients to confirm toxoplasmic etiology
  • Normal Range
    • Negative/Non-Reactive Result: <8.0 IU/mL or Negative; indicates no previous Toxoplasma gondii infection or immunity; susceptible to acute infection
    • Borderline/Equivocal Result: 8.0-10.0 IU/mL; requires repeat testing or IgM testing to clarify status; may represent early seroconversion or technical variation
    • Positive/Reactive Result: >10.0 IU/mL or Positive; indicates previous or current Toxoplasma gondii infection with humoral immunity; past infection with protective antibodies
    • Units of Measurement: International Units per milliliter (IU/mL); some labs may report results in arbitrary units (AU/mL) or as qualitative negative/positive
    • Clinical Interpretation: Normal (negative) results exclude active or recent infection; positive results indicate immune status but do not differentiate acute from chronic infection without IgM testing
    • Reference Values Variation: May vary by laboratory and assay method (ELISA, chemiluminescence, immunofluorescence); always refer to specific lab's reference range
  • Interpretation
    • IgG Negative with Negative IgM: No Toxoplasma infection; patient is susceptible; pregnant women require counseling regarding prevention; special precautions with food handling and cat exposure recommended
    • IgG Negative with Positive IgM: Very early acute infection (IgG antibodies not yet developed); rarely observed; requires immediate repeat testing and IgG avidity testing to confirm timing of infection
    • IgG Positive with Negative IgM: Past or chronic infection with immunity; patient is immune and protected from reinfection; acute infection is essentially ruled out unless immunocompromised with reactivation; most common result in serology surveys
    • IgG Positive with Positive IgM: Likely recent or acute infection; particularly significant in pregnant women indicating risk of congenital transmission; requires IgG avidity testing to determine infection timing and advise on fetal management; may require amniocentesis for PCR testing
    • High Avidity IgG (with Positive IgM): Indicates infection occurred >3 months ago; lower congenital transmission risk; suggests IgM may represent persistent antibodies or false positive; reassuring in pregnant patients
    • Low Avidity IgG (with Positive IgM): Indicates recent infection within last 3 months; higher risk of congenital transmission if pregnant; warrants specialist consultation for management options and monitoring
    • Reactivation in Immunocompromised (IgG Positive, IgM Negative): Indicates latent infection with risk of reactivation; in AIDS patients with CD4 <100 cells/μL, prophylaxis is typically recommended; clinical symptoms determine need for treatment
    • Factors Affecting Results: Immunosuppression may result in false negatives; chronic infections may show persistent low-level IgM; technical factors include assay sensitivity/specificity variation; previous vaccinations or infections do not directly affect this test
    • Clinical Significance of Result Patterns: Serial IgG titers (paired sera) are rarely useful as titers typically remain stable; PCR and cultures (CSF, amniotic fluid, tissue) provide more definitive diagnosis in acute cases; radiographic findings (brain, ocular) correlate with serologic results
  • Associated Organs
    • Primary Organ Systems: Central Nervous System (brain, spinal cord), Lymphatic System (lymph nodes), Ocular System (retina, choroid), Placenta (vertical transmission), Myocardium, Skeletal Muscle
    • Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Most serious manifestation in immunocompromised patients; presents with encephalitis, seizures, focal neurological deficits, altered mental status; can be life-threatening if untreated
    • Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Chorioretinitis (inflammation of retina and choroid); most common manifestation in immunocompetent patients; causes floaters, blurred vision, photopsia; risk of vision loss if macula involved
    • Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Vertical transmission through placenta in pregnant women; sequelae include intracranial calcifications, ventriculomegaly, chorioretinitis, developmental delays; risk highest if maternal infection in third trimester but severity greatest with first trimester infection
    • Myocarditis and Myositis: Rare manifestations; cardiac involvement can present with heart failure; muscle involvement causes weakness, pain, rhabdomyolysis
    • Lymphadenitis: Most common manifestation in immunocompetent individuals; benign lymphadenopathy, fever, and malaise; usually self-limited over weeks to months
    • Systemic Dissemination: In severely immunocompromised patients (AIDS, organ transplant), widespread tissue involvement including lungs, liver, kidney, GI tract; acute disseminated toxoplasmosis is medical emergency
    • Associated Complications: Vision loss or blindness from chorioretinitis, neurological sequelae from encephalitis, developmental disabilities from congenital infection, mortality if disseminated disease untreated, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in treated AIDS patients
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Toxoplasma IgM Antibody: First-line follow-up if IgG positive; helps differentiate acute/recent from chronic infection; positive result indicates recent infection requiring further evaluation
    • IgG Avidity Testing: Essential in pregnant women with positive IgG and/or IgM; determines infection timing (recent vs. chronic); low avidity suggests infection within 3 months; guides clinical decision-making regarding prenatal treatment and intervention
    • PCR Testing (Blood, CSF, Amniotic Fluid): Definitive diagnosis of active/acute infection; amniotic fluid PCR for congenital infection assessment; CSF PCR for cerebral toxoplasmosis; more specific than serology alone
    • Amniocentesis (15-18 weeks gestation): Indicated if maternal acute infection confirmed during pregnancy; PCR of amniotic fluid confirms fetal infection; must be performed >4 weeks after maternal infection for reliability
    • Brain Imaging (MRI or CT): Neuroimaging in symptomatic patients with positive serology; shows ring-enhancing lesions typical of cerebral toxoplasmosis; distinguishes toxoplasmosis from other CNS diseases like lymphoma in AIDS patients
    • Ophthalmologic Examination: Dilated fundoscopy in patients with positive serology and visual symptoms; visualizes chorioretinitis; may require OCT or visual field testing for detailed assessment
    • CD4+ Lymphocyte Count: Critical in HIV-positive patients; if CD4 <100 cells/μL and IgG positive, prophylaxis is recommended; repeated monitoring guides therapy adjustments
    • Umbilical Cord Blood IgM/IgA: In newborns with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis; presence indicates active fetal infection; combined with infant IgG testing for confirmation
    • Monitoring Frequency: Pregnant women with recent infection: repeat serology monthly; HIV patients on prophylaxis: repeat CD4 count every 3 months; patients on treatment: clinical and imaging follow-up per treatment protocol (typically every 2-4 weeks initially)
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Status: NO - Fasting is not required for Toxoplasma gondii IgG testing; serology can be performed anytime regardless of food or fluid intake
    • Specimen Collection Requirements: Blood serum sample collected by venipuncture; 5-10 mL in serum separator tube (SST) or no-additive tube; no special tube required
    • Sample Handling: Allow blood to clot at room temperature (15-30 minutes) before centrifugation; separate serum within 1-2 hours; refrigerate at 2-8°C if testing cannot be performed same day; samples stable 2-7 days refrigerated
    • Medications: No medications need to be discontinued; antibiotic use does not interfere with serology; immunosuppressive medications may affect antibody levels but testing should not be delayed
    • Patient Preparation: Routine phlebotomy; comfortable positioning recommended; explain test purpose, especially important for pregnant women; no pre-test stress is necessary
    • Timing Considerations: Test any time of day; for pregnant women with suspected acute infection, earlier testing is better for clinical management; repeat testing may be needed for equivocal results (typically 2-3 weeks later)
    • Special Circumstances: For paired sera (acute/convalescent): collect first sample immediately and second sample 2-4 weeks later for comparison; both should be tested simultaneously by same laboratory; no special preparation needed between collections

How our test process works!

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