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Tumour - Medium Biopsy 1-3 cm

Biopsy
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Report in 288Hrs

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No Fasting Required

Details

Histopathology of mass/tumor.

₹370₹529

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Tumour - Medium Biopsy 1-3 cm

  • Why is it done?
    • This test is performed to obtain tissue samples from medium-sized tumors (1-3 cm in diameter) for definitive diagnosis and histopathological analysis
    • Primary indications include: determining whether a lesion is benign or malignant, identifying tumor type and grade, assessing cellular differentiation, and guiding treatment planning
    • Performed when imaging studies (CT, MRI, ultrasound) reveal a suspicious lesion requiring tissue diagnosis before definitive treatment
    • Used to provide molecular and genetic analysis for targeted therapy selection and prognostic stratification
    • Typically performed as an outpatient procedure using image-guided techniques (ultrasound, CT, or fluoroscopy) for accuracy and safety
  • Normal Range
    • Normal/Negative Result: Benign tissue with no evidence of malignancy, atypical cells, or dysplasia; normal cellular architecture; absence of necrosis or abnormal mitotic activity
    • Abnormal/Positive Result: Evidence of malignancy including altered cellular morphology, increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, abnormal mitotic figures, or invasion patterns
    • Indeterminate/Borderline Results: Atypical hyperplasia, dysplasia, or suspicious findings requiring repeat biopsy or additional imaging follow-up
    • Units of Measurement: Histopathological findings are descriptive using standardized classification systems (WHO, FNCLCC, TNM staging) rather than numerical values
    • Adequate tissue sampling with proper fixation and processing is essential for accurate interpretation
  • Interpretation
    • Benign Findings: Non-neoplastic tissue (cyst, lipoma, fibroadenoma, hemangioma); indicates favorable prognosis and typically requires observation or conservative management only
    • Malignant Findings: Confirms cancer diagnosis; specific histological type (carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma) determines treatment approach; grading (low, intermediate, high-grade) indicates aggressiveness
    • Tumor Grade Assessment: Low-grade (G1): slow growth, better prognosis; Intermediate-grade (G2): moderate growth rate; High-grade (G3-G4): rapid growth, poor prognosis
    • Stage and Histological Type: Biopsy provides tumor stage, differentiation level, and identifies specific cancer subtype, which determine prognosis and treatment selection (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy)
    • Molecular Markers: Analysis of genetic mutations, protein expression, and hormone receptor status (ER, PR, HER2) guides targeted therapy selection and predicts treatment response
    • Factors Affecting Results: Sample adequacy, specimen handling, fixation method, staining technique, pathologist expertise, and presence of necrosis or crushing artifact may influence interpretation
    • Immunohistochemistry and special stains may be requested to clarify diagnosis and tumor origin in ambiguous cases
  • Associated Organs
    • Organ Systems Involved: Medium tumors (1-3 cm) can arise in any organ system: breast, lung, liver, kidney, thyroid, colon, prostate, skin, soft tissue, bone, lymph nodes, and others
    • Common Associated Conditions: Carcinomas (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma), sarcomas (liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma), melanomas, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, neuroendocrine neoplasms
    • Diseases Diagnosed: Malignant neoplasms (cancer), benign tumors, precancerous lesions, metastatic disease, lymphoproliferative disorders, and secondary malignancies
    • Potential Complications: Infection, bleeding, pneumothorax (if lung lesion), organ perforation, seeding of tumor cells along needle tract (rare), allergic reaction to anesthetic, hematoma formation
    • Metastatic Involvement: Medium-sized tumors may show regional lymph node involvement or distant metastasis; biopsy results guide staging and treatment decisions
    • Prognostic significance determined by histological type, grade, margins, vascular invasion, and molecular characteristics affecting overall survival and treatment outcomes
  • Follow-up Tests
    • Staging Studies: CT scan, MRI, PET-CT, or bone scan to assess local tumor extent, regional lymph node involvement, and distant metastases
    • Advanced Pathological Analysis: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), gene sequencing, flow cytometry, and molecular profiling for targeted therapy selection
    • Laboratory Tests: Tumor markers (PSA, CEA, AFP, CA 19-9), complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, liver and renal function tests
    • Repeat Biopsy: Indicated if initial results are inconclusive, nondiagnostic, or show only benign findings but clinical suspicion remains high
    • Imaging Follow-up: Serial imaging (3-6 month intervals) for benign lesions to confirm stability; more frequent surveillance for atypical or indeterminate findings
    • Oncology Consultation: Multidisciplinary tumor board evaluation for treatment planning including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy
    • Monitoring Schedule: Regular follow-up imaging and clinical examination every 3-6 months for diagnosed malignancies; varies by cancer type, stage, and treatment response
    • Complementary Tests: Surgical resection with margin assessment, sentinel lymph node biopsy, lymph node dissection, or additional biopsies of suspicious areas
  • Fasting Required?
    • Fasting Status: Generally NO fasting required for tissue biopsy procedure itself; however, fasting may be necessary if procedure uses sedation or general anesthesia
    • Pre-Procedure Fasting Guidelines: If sedation/anesthesia planned: 6-8 hours fasting from food; 2-4 hours fasting from clear liquids before procedure (follow institutional protocol)
    • Medications: Continue most regular medications; discontinue anticoagulants (warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran) and antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel) 3-7 days before procedure with physician approval; metformin may need temporary discontinuation
    • Patient Preparation: Undergo coagulation studies (PT/INR, aPTT) if on anticoagulation therapy; baseline complete blood count; assessment of bleeding risk; informed consent documentation
    • Special Instructions: Remove all jewelry and metallic objects; wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing; arrange for someone to provide transportation if sedation used; plan for 2-4 hours recovery time; avoid strenuous activity for 24-48 hours post-procedure
    • Allergies and Contraindications: Report any allergies to anesthetics, iodine, shellfish, or contrast agents; inform provider of bleeding disorders, uncontrolled hypertension, or active infection
    • Post-Procedure Care: Keep biopsy site clean and dry; monitor for excessive bleeding, swelling, fever, or signs of infection; report to provider if symptoms develop; schedule follow-up appointment for results discussion

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