TURP-Prostate Biopsy - XL

Biopsy

Report in 288Hrs

At Home

No Fasting Required

Details

Histology after resection.

₹888₹1,269

30% OFF

TURP-Prostate Biopsy -XL

Why is it done?
- Detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with enlarged prostate glands (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) or suspected malignancy
- Evaluation of men with persistently elevated PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings
- Assessment of prostate tissue in patients undergoing TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes
- Collection of multiple tissue samples from the prostate gland for comprehensive histopathological analysis
- Determination of Gleason score and tumor grade if cancer is present
- Evaluation of treatment response and monitoring for recurrent or residual disease in previously treated patients
- Performed when other diagnostic methods are inconclusive or when TURP is indicated for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes
Normal Range
- Normal finding: Benign prostatic tissue with no evidence of malignancy, inflammation, or dysplasia
- Negative result: Absence of cancer cells or atypical hyperplastic lesions in all sampled tissue specimens
- Positive result: Presence of adenocarcinoma or other malignant cells with pathological grading (Gleason score 6-10, with subdivisions like 3+3, 3+4, 4+3, etc.)
- Borderline findings: Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), or benign prostatic hyperplasia requiring close follow-up
- Specimen quality: Adequate tissue samples with clear architectural and cytological features for definitive diagnosis
- Units: Histological analysis reported as pathological findings with descriptive terminology and numerical Gleason grading
Interpretation
- Negative/No Cancer: Tissue samples show normal benign prostatic epithelium without malignant changes; low risk profile; routine follow-up recommended based on clinical context
- Positive/Cancer Present: Adenocarcinoma identified with Gleason scoring (Grade Group 1-5); determines aggressiveness and treatment strategy; requires staging with imaging and additional workup
- Gleason Score 6 (3+3): Low-grade cancer, typically slow-growing, generally lower mortality risk; often managed with active surveillance initially
- Gleason Score 7 (3+4 or 4+3): Intermediate-grade cancer; 3+4 is better prognosis than 4+3; requires active treatment consideration; may warrant multimodal therapy
- Gleason Score 8-10: High-grade cancer; aggressive behavior; higher risk of metastasis and mortality; requires prompt aggressive treatment such as radical prostatectomy or radiation with hormone therapy
- ASAP (Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation): Suspicious but not diagnostic for cancer; 25-50% risk of cancer on repeat biopsy; close follow-up with repeat biopsy recommended in 3-6 months
- PIN (Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia): High-grade PIN is precancerous; 20-30% risk of finding cancer on subsequent biopsy; warrants closer surveillance and consideration of repeat sampling
- Factors affecting interpretation: Number of positive cores, percentage of cancer in each core, presence of perineural invasion, tumor multifocality, and specimen adequacy all influence prognosis and treatment decisions
- Clinical significance: Results directly guide treatment selection (active surveillance, radiation therapy, surgery, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy) and predict disease progression and patient survival outcomes
Associated Organs
- Primary organ: Prostate gland (walnut-sized gland surrounding the urethra in males that produces seminal fluid)
- Related organs: Bladder (may be affected by TURP-related complications), urethra (surgical access point), seminal vesicles (may be involved in advanced cancer), and regional lymph nodes
- Diseases diagnosed/detected: Prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis (inflammation), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), atypical hyperplasia
- Potential complications: Infection/sepsis, hematuria (blood in urine), urinary retention, erectile dysfunction, retrograde ejaculation, TURP syndrome (transurethral resection syndrome with hyponatremia and fluid overload), urethral stricture formation
- Rare but serious complications: Bladder perforation, hemorrhage requiring transfusion, rectal injury, and transient incontinence
- Cancer metastasis sites: If cancer is confirmed, may spread to regional pelvic lymph nodes, bone (particularly femoral head and lumbar spine), lungs, liver, and distant organs
Follow-up Tests
- If cancer is detected: PSA monitoring every 3-6 months, bone scan or PET-CT for staging and metastasis detection, pelvic MRI for local tumor extent assessment, and chest X-ray or CT chest for pulmonary metastases
- ASAP or high-grade PIN findings: Repeat biopsy recommended in 3-6 months; close PSA monitoring; imaging studies if clinically indicated
- If negative result but clinical suspicion remains high: Repeat biopsy may be considered after 4-12 weeks; continued PSA monitoring and digital rectal examination
- Post-treatment surveillance: Serial PSA monitoring (every 3-6 months initially, then annually), DRE for clinical recurrence, imaging for detection of distant metastases based on risk stratification
- Complementary tests: Genomic testing (Oncotype DX, Prolaris, Decipher) for prognostic assessment; immunohistochemistry for specific marker detection (p53, Ki-67, ERG)
- For low-grade cancer: Active surveillance protocol with PSA every 3-6 months, DRE annually, and repeat biopsy every 1-2 years if no progression
- For intermediate/high-grade cancer: Staging with CT pelvis/abdomen, bone scan, consider MRI for surgical planning, and tumor markers (PSA) for baseline comparison
- Monitoring intervals: For negative results, routine PSA screening per guidelines; for positive results, follow-up frequency depends on grade and treatment modality chosen
Fasting Required?
- Fasting: No, fasting is NOT required
- Pre-procedure preparation: Complete bowel prep with enema or laxative 4-6 hours before procedure; full urinalysis and urine culture recommended to rule out UTI; NPO (nothing by mouth) typically 6-8 hours if general anesthesia anticipated
- Medications: Anticoagulants (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) should be discontinued 3-5 days prior per urologist recommendation; continue routine medications unless otherwise directed; avoid NSAIDs 1 week prior to reduce bleeding risk
- Prophylactic antibiotics: Fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) typically prescribed 24 hours before and continued for 24-48 hours post-procedure to prevent infection
- Hydration: Patients should drink plenty of fluids day before procedure to ensure adequate bladder filling and clear urine; continue hydration immediately post-procedure
- Informed consent: Written informed consent required; discussion of risks, benefits, and alternatives; disclosure of current medications and allergies, especially to antibiotics
- Transportation: Arrange for someone to drive patient home if sedation or spinal anesthesia used; patient should not drive same day post-procedure
- Post-procedure: Patients may resume normal diet immediately if not under anesthesia; avoid strenuous activity and sexual activity for 1-2 weeks; expect hematuria and mild urinary symptoms for several days

How our test process works!