Urine Glucose 2 hr

Diabetes

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No Fasting Required

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Glucose tolerance check.

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Urine Glucose 2 hr - Comprehensive Medical Test Guide

Why is it done?
- Measures the amount of glucose (sugar) excreted in the urine over a 2-hour period, which helps detect abnormal glucose levels in the body
- Screens for diabetes mellitus and identifies glucose intolerance in patients with symptoms of hyperglycemia (excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue)
- Monitors glucose control in diagnosed diabetic patients, particularly during pregnancy (gestational diabetes screening)
- Evaluates kidney function to determine if the kidneys are properly filtering glucose from the blood
- Performed during routine physical examinations, pregnancy evaluations, or when patient presents with symptoms suggestive of metabolic disorders
Normal Range
- Normal/Negative Result: 0-5 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) or "Negative/Trace" in a 2-hour urine collection
- Borderline/Trace: 5-15 mg/dL - Small amounts of glucose that may be insignificant or require further investigation
- Abnormal/Positive Result: Greater than 15 mg/dL (>15 mg) - Indicates glycosuria (glucose in urine), which is abnormal
- Units of Measurement: mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) or mmol/L (millimoles per liter in some laboratories)
- Normal Meaning: Kidney glomeruli are effectively filtering glucose and reabsorbing it, indicating normal glucose metabolism and kidney function
- Abnormal Meaning: Blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (typically 160-180 mg/dL), allowing glucose to spill into urine, or indicates kidney dysfunction
Interpretation
- Negative/No Glucose (0-5 mg/dL): Indicates normal glucose metabolism and appropriate kidney filtration. Suggests no diabetes or blood glucose control is adequate. Kidneys are functioning properly.
- Trace/Borderline (5-15 mg/dL): May indicate borderline glucose metabolism or mild hyperglycemia. Requires additional testing such as fasting blood glucose or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to establish diagnosis.
- Positive/Elevated (>15 mg/dL): Strongly suggests uncontrolled diabetes or significant hyperglycemia. May indicate renal threshold has been exceeded, or kidney disease affecting glucose reabsorption. Warrants immediate further investigation and physician consultation.
- Factors Affecting Results: Recent high carbohydrate/sugar consumption, stress, illness, medications (corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics), time of day sample collected, exercise intensity, hydration status, and accuracy of 2-hour collection timing.
- Clinical Significance: Glycosuria is a reliable indicator of blood glucose exceeding renal threshold, though it can also occur with kidney disease, pregnant women with lower renal threshold (benign), or rare genetic conditions (renal glycosuria).
Associated Organs
- Primary Organ Systems: Endocrine system (pancreas - insulin production), kidneys (glomerular filtration and glucose reabsorption in tubules), and urinary system
- Conditions Associated with Abnormal Results: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, pancreatic insufficiency, and stress hyperglycemia
- Diseases Diagnosed/Monitored: Diabetes mellitus (new diagnosis), chronic kidney disease (glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy), polycystic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, Fanconi syndrome, and Cushing's syndrome
- Complications of Abnormal Results: Uncontrolled hyperglycemia leading to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy), cardiovascular disease, and progression of kidney disease to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Follow-up Tests
- Recommended Follow-up Tests: Fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial (after meal) glucose, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) to assess average glucose over 3 months, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), random blood glucose, and serum insulin levels
- Additional Investigations: Urine microalbumin/albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) to detect early kidney disease, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), serum electrolytes, and lipid panel
- Monitoring Frequency: Diabetic patients: HbA1c every 3 months (if uncontrolled) or every 6-12 months (if controlled); urine glucose monitoring 2-4 times yearly or with suspected deterioration. Pregnant patients: glucose tolerance testing at 24-28 weeks.
- Complementary Tests: Urine dipstick (ketones, protein, nitrites), 24-hour urine protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinalysis, and imaging studies (ultrasound, CT) if kidney disease suspected
Fasting Required?
- Fasting Requirement: NO - Fasting is NOT required for the 2-hour urine glucose test
- Collection Instructions: Void first urine in morning and note time; collect all urine passed for exactly 2 hours; void final specimen at end of 2-hour period (this final specimen is included); label container with start and end times of collection
- Medications to Continue: Continue all routine medications unless specifically instructed otherwise by healthcare provider; do NOT stop diabetes medications before test
- Other Preparation Requirements: Maintain normal diet and fluid intake; drink water normally to ensure adequate urine production; for postprandial glucose test, eat a normal meal (containing 50-100 grams carbohydrates) at the start of collection period; keep urine container refrigerated or on ice if collection extends beyond 30 minutes before delivery to laboratory; clean genital area before first void for accurate collection

How our test process works!