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🧪 What is VDRL (RPR)?

The VDRL and RPR tests are non-treponemal serological tests used to screen for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. These tests detect reagin antibodies produced in response to cellular damage caused by the infection.

❓ Why is the Test Done?

To:

Screen for syphilis infection, especially in early stages
Monitor treatment response in syphilis patients
Screen pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis
Diagnose suspected syphilis in patients with suggestive symptoms

📊 Normal Range / Interpretation

Result	Interpretation
Non-reactive	No detectable reagin antibodies; no active syphilis
Reactive	Presence of reagin antibodies; possible syphilis infection

📈 Interpretation of Results

Test Result	Clinical Significance
Reactive, high titer	Active syphilis infection
Reactive, low titer	Treated infection, early infection, or false positive
Non-reactive	No syphilis or very early infection (before antibodies form)

False positives may occur in other conditions (e.g., autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, infections).

🧠 Associated Conditions

Condition	Details
Syphilis	Primary, secondary, or latent stages
Congenital syphilis	Transmission from mother to fetus
False positives	Autoimmune diseases, viral infections, pregnancy

🔄 Related / Follow-Up Tests

Treponemal tests (e.g., FTA-ABS, TPPA) to confirm diagnosis
Darkfield microscopy for lesion exudate (if available)
HIV testing (syphilis co-infection common)

✅ Fasting Required?

Test	Fasting Required
VDRL / RPR	❌ No

📝 Summary Table

Parameter	Details
What	Non-treponemal test detecting antibodies to syphilis
Why	Screen and monitor syphilis infection
Normal Result	Non-reactive; no infection
Positive Result	Reactive; suggests active or past syphilis
Associated Conditions	Syphilis, congenital syphilis, false positives
Follow-up Tests	Treponemal tests (FTA-ABS, TPPA), HIV test
Fasting Required	❌ No

VDRL (RPR)

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